变转速泵控模拟盾构刀盘驱动系统研究

设计了1.8 m土压平衡(EPB)模拟试验盾构的刀盘驱动液压系统,介绍了该液压驱动系统的工作原理和控制方法,该系统采用了变转速泵控技术.通过统计分类的模式识别方法分析了1.8 m试验盾构的掘进过程,以盾构掘进的场切深指数（FPI）、扭矩切深指数（TPI）构成了掘进土层状况的特征空间,基于土层识别及刀盘驱动功率效能评价建立了盾构刀盘转速专家控制方法.建立该液压驱动系统的AMESim仿真模型,仿真研究了液压系统的效率、开环和闭环调速性能.试验研究表明,该液压系统开环调速性能稳定,但刀盘转速波动较大.     

基于自学习规则和改进贝叶斯结合的问题分类*

根据对中文问题的分析可知,问题中的疑问词和中心词等关键词对问题所属类型起着决定性的作用。提出利用自学习方法建立疑问词—类别和疑问词+中心词—类别两种规则,并结合改进贝叶斯模型的问题分类方法。该方法充分利用了关键词对分类的贡献。实验结果表明,该分类方法有很大的改进,准确率达到了84%。     

A comprehensive study on the droplet formation processes and its influencing factors of a tubular piezoelectric print head

Abstract

Various inks with different properties are widely used in the printed electronic industry. In order to obtain high quality inkjet printing, it is necessary to study the droplet formation process and its influencing factors comprehensively. Only in this way, the incentive conditions and liquid physical parameters of droplet ejection can be obtained and optimized. Firstly, the calculation model of the droplet ejection process is established for a tubular print head and the boundary conditions are set according to the driving characteristics. Secondly, the free surface flow is calculated in the simulation software and sequential pictures of the droplet formation processes are captured to validate the availability of the numerical algorithm. Finally, the droplet formation processes of the tubular piezoelectric print head are simulated under different incentive conditions, different viscosities and different surface tensions. Too small a driving energy is insufficient to cause the head to eject droplets. Excessive excitation energy will result in larger or multiple satellite droplets. Additionally, the thinning process of the liquid neck is examined carefully in this paper. Results show that surface tension and viscosity have a significant effect on the thinning speed of the liquid neck, but the effect is not as significant as previous studies.     

橡胶冷喂料挤出机螺杆参数与机头压力实用数学模型的研究

运用正交回归试验方法，在Φ橡胶冷喂料挤出机实验台上，研究了螺杆主要参数（长径比，螺旋角，螺槽深度，螺杆几何压缩比）及主要挤出工艺、物性参数（螺杆转速、机头口型，胶料种类）对橡胶冷喂料挤出机机头压力的影响。对各实验因素及实验结果做了统计分析，确定了上述各因素对冷喂挤出机机头压力影响的显著因素，得出了机头压力与螺杆及工艺、物性参数之间的定量计算数学模型。     

堰塞体溃决离心模型试验供水系统关键技术研究

堰塞体溃决洪水洪峰流量及洪水时程曲线特征的预测是堰塞湖应急抢险及下游风险控制方案制订的重要依据。堰塞体溃决的离心模型试验,在研究堰塞体溃决机理、溃决过程及溃决洪水的历时曲线特征方面独具优势,但离心模型试验供水系统的设计,涉及到从外部静止状态到高速旋转状态的模型中连续供水,同时还要保证堰塞体溃决过程中上游水位为设定的常水头,是堰塞体溃决离心模型试验中的关键性的一大难题。本文围绕以上难题,设计了一种环形水箱以解决从静态到动态模型的连续供水问题,通过理论分析,确定了环形水箱中可提前注入的最大水量。另外在试验箱设置了竖井式溢流口,可以排出高出设定常水头的水体,保证了上游水位的稳定。通过以上设计有效地解决了供水系统中的关键难题,并在后续堰塞体溃决离心模型试验中得到了验证。     

小型无人机发动机温度监控系统设计

为了实时监控小型油动无人机的发动机工作温度,设计开发了基于K型热电偶的4路温度监控系统;该系统采用模拟开关CD4052作通道切换,选通的热电偶信号经放大调理,由STM32F103控制器片上A/D采集,经DS18B20数字温度传感器作冷端补偿,最终以Modbus RTU协议将温度值发送到485总线上;经调试校准,该温度监控系统在蚊子直升机MZ202型发动机正常工作温度范围内与原机温度仪表相差±3℃,数据刷新率大于2 Hz,且工作稳定抗干扰能力较强,为发动机调校提供了可靠的依据,有效地保障了发动机安全稳定运行;该温度监控系统也可用于Rotax582,Rotax912/914等小型活塞航空发动机缸头及排气温度的采集与监控。     

不同头型高速射弹垂直入水数值模拟

为研究不同射弹头型对高速射弹垂直入水的流体动力和流场特性的影响,采用有限体积法和VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型,并引入动网格技术,对5种不同头型的轴对称高速射弹垂直入水过程进行了数值模拟,分析了头型对空泡形态演化过程、射弹流体动力及弹道特性的影响规律.研究结果表明,头型对射弹入水空泡形态、表面闭合时间以及入水阻力、深度、速度均有较大影响.球头与截球头空泡半径小于其余3种头型,表面闭合时刻依平头、球头、锥头、截锥头的顺序递增.射弹头部均承受较大压力,球头、截球头射弹头部压力分布不均使之承受较大的剪切力.射弹头部流线型越好,入水速度衰减越慢,入水深度增加越快.入水阻力系数峰值按平头、截球头、截锥头、锥头、球头的顺序递减.     

Influence of a high‐head dam as a dispersal barrier to fish community structure of the Upper Mississippi River

In river systems, high‐head dams may increase the distance‐decay of fish community similarity by creating nearly impermeable dispersal barriers to certain species from upstream reaches. Substantial evidence suggests that migratory species are impacted by dams, and most previous studies in stream/river networks have focused on small streams and headwaters. Here, we assess whether a high‐head dam (Lock and Dam 19; LD 19) on a large river, the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), substantially alters fish community structure relative to variability expected to occur independent of the dam's effect as a fish dispersal barrier. Using fish catch per unit effort data, we modelled the distance‐decay function for the UMR fish community and then estimated the similarity that would be expected to occur across LD19 and compared it with measured similarity. Measured similarity in the fish community above and below LD19 was close to the expected value based on the distance‐decay function, suggesting LD19 does not create an abrupt transition in the fish community. Although some migratory fish species no longer occur above LD19 (e.g., skipjack herring, Alosa chrysochloris), these species do not occur in high abundance below the dam and so do not drive variation in fish community structure. Instead, much of the variation in species structure is driven by the loss/gain of species across the latitudinal gradient. Lock and Dam 19 does not appear to be a clear transition point in the river's fish community, although it may function as a meaningful barrier for particular species (e.g., invasive species) and warrant future attention from a management perspective.     

一种基于深度信息的人头检测方法

针对目前人头检测方法对光线变化敏感和易受阴影干扰的问题,提出了一种基于深度图像的人头检测方法.首先通过运动目标检测,得到运动人员所在区域;然后对该区域使用改进的立体匹配算法,该匹配算法对传统的WTA匹配算法进行改进,只对强纹理点进行匹配,对弱纹理点只进行视差验证,并根据三角投影原理计算出深度图.由于深度图中人员与周围场景的深度分布不同,根据深度分布将人头区域提取出来,得到候选区域,最后将候选区域经过形态学运算并根据区域轮廓的特征来判断是否为人头.实验结果表明:该方法在不同光线环境条件下的检测正确率为94%以上,误检测率仅为5.77%,检测精度高,对光线和阴影的抗干扰性良好,能够很好地适应复杂环境.     

施工宽缝对整体式闸首底板的受力影响研究

鉴于整体式闸首底板在顺水流方向易出现裂缝,严重危害船闸的使用安全。本文提出的设置施工宽缝的施工方案可以有效改善整体式闸首底板开裂问题。首先运用ANSYS软件建立模型,对闸首结构进行有限元分析,进一步探索出施工宽缝对整体式闸首底板的应力与变形的影响,将应力计算结果转换成内力,最终研究出满足工程要求的最优合缝时间和设缝位置,从而为整体式船闸的施工提供参考。