黄土水工隧洞结构布置及其施工方法

根据黄土特性,讨论了黄土水工隧洞设计、布置和施工方法,通过工程实例阐明黄土水工隧洞设计中遇到的黄土不稳定性、湿陷及其接触带不均匀变形等问题,,也以工程实例进一步讨论了洞线布置、结构形式、衬砌材料、施工方法及工艺要求等。可供设计、施工人员参考。     

水利工程抗冲磨混凝土的实验研究及其应用

高速水流对水工建筑物的冲磨破坏极大,这就对水工混凝土的抗冲磨性能提出了很高的要求。合理选用混凝土的组成材料,能够提高混凝土的抗冲磨强度,避免冲磨破坏,保证工程正常运行就有着极其重要的意义。通过对混凝土拌合料中加入适当的橡胶粉材料进行试验,研究了胶粉材料对混凝土抗冲磨性能的影响,并对其原理进行了分析。     

水利工程建设与管理通用信息记录系统设计

信息记录是水利工程建设与管理过程中的一项基础性工作。随着水利信息化的发展,水利工程建设管理工作逐步走向自动化、数字化,但类似信息记录的部分基础业务仍靠人工记录。如何使信息记录、查阅、处理更快捷、更方便,并使水利工程建设管理信息记录更具通用性,基于Web技术的水利工程建设与管理通用信息记录系统的开发和应用显得十分必要。     

喀斯特地形山区应对极端旱情的对策分析

针对云南省文山壮族苗族自治州遭遇的百年一遇特大旱情,对其应对特大旱情的对策和具体措施进行了分析,认为依靠境内水库等水利工程所蓄水量,保障了全州抗大旱保民生促春耕各项措施的落实,这是一项很好的对策,也说明水利工程基础设施在抗旱救灾工作中发挥了重要作用。通过对当地水利工程设施的调查,提出了应对极端旱情的对策和建议。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE ENERGY DISSIPATION CHARACTERISTICS IN STILLING BASIN OF MULTI-HORIZONTAL SUBMERGED JETS

3-D numerical simulation was carried out for the water flow in a stilling basin with multi-horizontal submerged jets by using two different turbulence models, namely, the VOF RNG k - ? and Mixture RNG k - ? turbulence models. The calculated water depth, velocity profile and pressure distribution are in good agreement with the data obtained in experiments. It indicates that the numerical simulation can effectively be used to study the water flow movement and the energy dissipation mechanism. The numerical simulation results show that the turbulent kinetic energy distribution obtained by using the Mixture turbulence model covers a region about 18% larger than that calculated by using the VOF turbulence model, and is in better agreement with the actual situation. Furthermore, the Mixture turbulence model is better than the VOF turbulence model in calculating the air entrainment.     

响水涧抽水蓄能电站上、下库进(出)水口分流特性研究

根据响水涧抽水蓄能电站上、下库进(出)水口水工模型试验结果,对上、下库侧式进(出)水口分流特性进行分析计算。引入"单位流速"的概念,用以调整进(出)水口扩散段分流墩头部间距,对下库进(出)水口采用分流墩头部不等间距布置和等间距布置进行对比试验研究,结果表明等间距布置分流效果较不等间距布置分流效果有明显改善;结合工程布置,采用单位流速法,可对侧式进(出)水口的分流间距进行快速调整,以获得水力损失小、流态良好的进(出)水口体型布置。     

Experimental and theoretical study of density jumps on smooth and rough beds

Hydraulic jumps in density currents are technically referred to density jumps. These jumps significantly influence the dynamic and quality characteristics of the gravity currents. The density jump is studied theoretically and experimentally in this study by considering the bed roughness. Experiments were performed in a rectangular laboratory flume (0.4 m width; 0.9 m depth; 8.3 m length). Four rough beds comprised of closely packed gravel particles glued onto the horizontal part of the bed were examined. For both smooth and rough beds, a simple relationship was obtained for estimating the conjugate depth ratio as a function of the relative roughness and the upstream densimetric Froude number. The conjugate depth ratio was found to decrease with increasing relative roughness. The results also indicated that, if the entrainment ratio is specified, the minimum value of the upstream densimetric Froude number increases with increasing relative bed roughness. An equation for calculating the maximum possible value of the relative roughness was also determined. The spatial development of the density current for smooth beds was analysed in both super‐critical and sub‐critical flow regimes. Good similarity collapses of velocity and concentration profiles were obtained for the super‐critical section just upstream of the jump. The concentration distributions located just downstream of the jump, however, exhibited a large scattering of measured data, especially near the bed. It was found that this scattering decreases with the distance from the end of the jump. The results of the experimental runs also indicated that, at a distance about nine times the post‐jump current thickness from the end of the jump, the non‐dimensional vertical profile of mean velocity has a shape similar to that at the pre‐jump section. A new reliable relationship was also proposed for calculating the local velocity inside both the wall and jet regions.     

万家寨引黄工程联接段输水建筑物原型水力量测

山西省万家寨引黄工程联接段输水建筑物原型水力量测是利用已安装在系统中的压力表、压力式水位计、超声波流量计、薄壁堰、水尺和外夹式超声波流量计等,通过对输水建筑物水流压力(水位)、流量和糙率进行监测和计算,较真实地反映输水建筑物的运行状态,为经济运行管理和安全供水提供有价值的借鉴资料.可供有关设计、运行和研究参考.     

水管式沉降仪的几点改进措施

叙述了水管式沉降仪的原理和结构,分析了目前使用中存在的一些问题,如水管式沉降仪测量时给管路充水容易、排水困难、水管沉降仪管路埋设时通常采用的整体坡降法对于施工影响较大等.结合在实际安装和使用过程中的经验、教训,并经过实验室和工程实际的运用,最后提出了水管沉降仪的结构及埋设方法的几点改进意见,如采用双排水系统解决系统排水难的问题、采用局部坡降法埋设解决整体坡降法埋设对施工干扰大的问题.     

Predicting velocity in bendway weir eddy fields

Rehabilitation of the Middle Rio Grande (MRG) in central New Mexico has become necessary because of changes in morphology resulting from the installation of dams, and because of habitat restoration considerations for the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus). Bendway weirs are erosion control and channel‐stabilization structures placed transverse to the channel flow that have been increasingly used to prevent river migration while simultaneously enhancing aquatic habitat. Plans for rehabilitation along the MRG include the use of bendway weirs; however, past projects using these structures have relied on field experience and engineering judgment rather than specific design guidelines. A physical model of a reach of the MRG was constructed to develop empirical design equations for eddy velocities in bendway weir fields. Data from physical model simulations were used to develop two empirical expressions for predicting eddy velocities behind bendway weirs, along with two expressions for predicting velocities at the toe of installed weirs. These equations relate the velocity found after bendway weir installation to weir design characteristics and pre‐weir channel conditions. A designer can use the described approach to predict velocities in eddies and velocities at the toe of bendway weirs using only weir design variables and pre‐weir channel conditions, and thus avoid some of the uncertainty with weir design that previously existed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.