Measuring Mental Workload Using ERPs Based on FIR,ICA, and MARA

Mental workload is considered to be strongly linked to human performance, and the ability to measure it accurately is key for balancing human health and work. In this study, brain signals were elicited by mental arithmetic tasks of varying difficulty to stimulate different levels of mental workload. In addition, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, independent component analysis (ICA), and multiple artifact rejection algorithms (MARAs) were used to filter event-related potentials (ERPs). Then, the data consisting of ERPs, subjective ratings of mental workload, and task performance, were analyzed through the use of variance and Spearman’s correlation during a simulated computer task. We found that participants responded faster and performed better in the easy task condition, followed by the medium and high-difficulty conditions, which verifies the validity of the ERP filtering. Moreover, larger P2 and P3 waveforms were evoked as the task difficulty increased, and a higher task difficulty elicited a more enhanced N300. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between the amplitude of P3 and the subjective ratings, and a positive relationship between the P3 amplitude and accuracy. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that a combination of FIR, ICA, and MARA methods can filter ERPs in the non-invasive real-time measurement of workload. Additionally, frontocentral P2, N3, and parietal P3 components showed differences between genders. The proposed measurement of mental workload can be useful for real-time identification of mental states and can be applied to human–computer interaction in the future.     

Crack propagation of pipeline steel exposed to a near-neutral pH environment under variable pressure fluctuations

This investigation attempts to understand the corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior of pipeline steels exposed to near-neutral pH environments. The fatigue loading was designed to simulate the underload-type variable amplitude pressure fluctuations found during pipeline operation. The effects of amplitudes (R ratios) of underload and minor cycles were investigated. It has been found from this investigation that the crack growth rate is enhanced significantly through load interaction of the variable amplitude fatigue. The acceleration factor is found to be up to 2.7 and 5.3 for tests in air and in the near-neutral pH solution, respectively. The crack growth rate decreases with R ratios of underload and minor cycles for tests both in air and in near-neutral pH environments. The latter could enhance crack propagation by a factor of up to 11, as compared with the crack growth rate in air. The critical R ratio of minor cycles at which the minor cycles do not contribute to crack propagation through load interaction was determined to be as high as 0.982, which is much lower than the threshold determined by constant amplitude fatigue. This critical R ratio could be utilized to demarcate stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue, and should be incorporated as one of the design principles for components/structures subjected to variable amplitude cyclic loading.     

基于USB总线的机载多脉冲激光雷达产品测试系统研制

针对现有的机载激光雷达产品测试系统不能模拟特定信噪比,且系统使用复杂的问题,开发了基于USB总线的机载多脉冲激光雷达产品测试系统;测控软件可以设定信噪比、脉冲幅值、脉冲周期等参数,并根据静态测距和动态测距的实际需要,生成静态和动态模拟数据;另外,测试系统还能够采集外场数据,并在测控计算机上存储和分析;采集和生成的数据经过USB总线发送给基于FPGA+高速D/A转换器架构的数据转换器,再输出给激光雷达产品,保证了数据传输的高速性和灵活性;经过测试表明,信噪比在3~9的情况下,产生回波信号的距离误差控制在1%以内,信号幅值误差控制在0.5%以内;测试系统的各项指标都满足实际需要,为激光雷达产品调试提供了良好的模拟仿真平台。     

一类控制量非负的新型脉冲随机控制模型

提出并研究了一类新型的脉冲随机控制模型,其状态结构由关于半鞅的线性随机微分方程所确定,其控制费用函数为关于控制前状态与控制量的二元函数且其控制量保持非负.首先建立了一类新型的变分方程并证明了其解的存在性.通过对变分方程的解函数进行一系列随机分析处理,证明了最佳控制的存在性且对其结构进行了深入分析.此外,由于本文模型与以往文献中的随机控制模型有着重大差异,因而在分析手法上与以往文献相比颇多差异之处.可以预期,本文不仅在随机控制的研究中将具有重要的理论意义,而且在金融控制及证券管理方面也将有着广泛的应用价值.     

汽轮机组振动信号的测量与分析

针对目前汽轮机组振动的特点,将振动信号分为两类,即轴振（相对振动）和瓦振（绝对振动）。首先分析了汽轮机组的振动概况及其对机组的影响;然后分别介绍了机组振动的测量和分析方法。具体地从传感器谈起,解释了机组的轴振和瓦振的不同测量原理。针对振动的三要素即振幅、频率及相位分别做了介绍;最后以300MW机组为例,说明其振动测点的一般布置。     

固有频率和阻尼度的测试方法研究

文章介绍了阶跃激励法、正弦激励法、脉冲激励法三种动态扭矩计量测试方法,并对不同时间做的两次试验进行了对比,得出的数据相差在3%以内,证明了上述动态特性的测试方法具有重复性和追溯性,可用作扭矩传感器动态特性的测试。     

基于近似偏最小一乘的闭环系统辨识新方法

本文基于近似最小一乘准则和主成分分析,针对反馈通道模型阶次低于前向通道模型阶次且反馈通道不存在噪声的闭环系统,进行了近似偏最小一乘递推辨识算法的推导.为解决最小一乘准则函数不可微的问题,本文算法用确定性可导函数近似代替残差绝对值.近似偏最小一乘辨识算法可以克服基于最小二乘准则的辨识算法在受到满足(SαS)分布的尖峰噪声干扰时残差平方项过大的缺点,具有目标函数可导,计算简单的优点.同时,通过主成分分析去除数据向量各元素之间的线性相关,可以得出模型参数的唯一解.仿真实验表明,本文算法可以对反馈通道模型阶次低于前向通道模型阶次的闭环系统进行直接辨识,抑制了尖峰噪声对辨识结果的影响,具有优良的稳健性,可以更好地应用于闭环系统辨识.     

Recursive Stochastic H2/H∞ Control Problem for Delay Systems Involving Continuous and Impulse Controls

In this paper, we discuss the recursive stochastic H₂/H_∞ control problem of delay systems with random coefficients involving both continuous and impulse controls. By virtue of a new type of forward backward stochastic differential equations, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a unique solution to the control problem under consideration is derived. The existence and uniqueness of the forward backward stochastic differential equations are also be proved.     

Dynamic programming for impulse controls

This paper describes the theory of feedback control in the class of inputs which allow delta-functions and their derivatives. It indicates a modification of dynamic programming techniques appropriate for such problems. Introduced are physically realizable bang-bang-type approximations of the “ideal” impulse-type solutions. These may also serve as “fast” feedback controls which solve the terminal control problem in arbitrary small time. Examples of damping high-order oscillations in finite time are presented.