交直流混合微电网群分布式自治经济控制策略

为实现交直流混合微电网群在孤岛状态下的自治经济控制,提出一种基于离散一致性原理的分布式控制策略。该控制策略包含子微网控制与微电网群间控制2个层面。在子微网控制层面,通过在传统经济下垂控制中引入成本、频率、电压及无功分配的二次调整项,实现了子微网的自治稳定与功率经济分配;在微电网群间控制层面,通过构造基于成本微增量偏差值的换流站本地控制策略,并进一步引入基于离散一致性的二次调整项,实现了功率在不同子微网间的经济分配。2层控制策略相互配合,共同实现对交直流混合微电网群的分层–分布式自治经济控制。最后,基于所建交直流混合微电网群模型的仿真结果,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

含热电联产机组的分布式能源集群动态划分方法

集群划分是实现分布式能源网络优化调控的基础环节。文中提出含热电联产机组的分布式能源网络集群划分方法。首先,提出综合考虑结构性与功能性的集群划分指标体系:结构上采用计及电热网络特性的模块度指标,用以刻画不同网络节点间的联系强度;功能上引入供需匹配度指标和热电耦合度指标,反映单一能源网络集群内部供应和实际需求间、源侧耦合出力和实际用能间的平衡程度。其次,依托集群划分指标体系设计电网和热网2个层面的优化目标作为集群划分的依据,采用Louvain社区检测算法生成以热电联产为中心的电热双重集群。最后,通过实际算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

INFLUENCE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON HYDROGEN DIFFUSION USING SCM-DV-Xα

The influence of alloy composition (Ti,Mn,TiN) on hydrogen diffusion in Fe was studied in detail using SCM-DV-Xα method.The voltage barriers were obtained via calculation on Fe clusters containing the alloy elements such as Ti,Mn as well as the chemical compound TiN respectively.The results showed that Ti element produced deep trap in Fe,decreasing the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen elements，Mn element did not produce deep trap in Fe,decreasing the diffusion coefficient slightly and TiN in Fe produced very deep “trap” decreasing the diffusion coefficient obviously.The calculation results were in agreement with experiment results.     

我国压铸产业集群的特征及其形成

根据产业集群的概念和我国压铸业的发展,分析了我国压铸产业集群的形成与特征.按照地域分布,将我国的压铸业分为4个集群,分别是长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、东北三省和西南地区,并对每个集群的情况作了介绍和分析.     

外场作用下由工业TiOSO4液合成介孔二氧化钛

以工业硫酸氧钛为钛源,采用复合模板合成路线,分别于超声,微波和水热外场作用下合成了介孔二氧化钛前驱体.通过调节反应体系的pH值来控制TiOSO4液的水解和缩聚速率.煅烧脱除模板后得到锐钛型的介孔二氧化钛.产物采用XRD,氮等温吸附脱附,粒度分布,SEM,TEM,SAD和X射线能谱分析(XPS)等技术进行了表征.结果表明具有强极化作用和温和水热环境的外场利于制备结构更佳的介孔二氧化钛;超声振动利于介观结构的形成.在微波辐照下,所制得介孔二氧化钛的比表面积为146.6 m2/g,平均孔径2.57 nm,晶粒尺寸13.65 nm.超声、微波和水热较常规合成方法更利于形成和稳定介孔结构.     

Effect of gas composition on cementite decomposition and coke formation on iron

Cementite decomposition and coke formation in the metal dusting process of iron were investigated at 700 °C in CO-H₂-H₂O gas mixtures. The presence of graphite deposited on the surface initiates the decomposition of cementite into iron and graphite. The morphology of the reaction products varies with gas composition. For CO concentrations less than 5 vol%, particles of iron or even closed iron layers have been observed at the cementite/graphite interface. With increasing CO content the amount of iron in the interface decreases. At CO concentrations higher than 30 vol%, iron could not be detected at the interface by optical microscopy. Thermo-gravimetric analysis shows that the rate of carbon take-up increases with increasing CO concentration reaching a maximum at about 60-75 vol%.The morphologies of graphite in the coke layer can be identified as three types: porous graphite clusters with embedded iron-containing particles, compact bulk graphite with a uniform thickness and a columnar layered structure, and filamentous carbon with iron-containing phases at the tip or along its length. For gas mixtures with low CO concentrations, e.g. 5 vol%, porous graphite clusters are the main form of carbon although filamentous carbon can be seen at the early stage of reaction. With increasing CO concentrations to, e.g. 30 vol%, a compact bulk graphite is formed on the top of the surface. Under this compact graphite, there is an inner layer of graphite which is the combination of porous graphite clusters and filaments. These two layers of graphite are clearly distinguishable when CO content reaches more than 75 vol%. In this case, the main form of graphite in the inner layer is filamentous carbon. The compact graphite layer suffers a serious deformation and forms many cracks because of the growth of catalytic filamentous carbon underneath. These filaments grow outside from compact graphite crevices and finally cover the whole surface. The higher the CO content in the gas, the more the tendency of filamentous carbon formation. The interplay between morphologies of carbon formation and metal dusting has been discussed.     

Effect of copper addition on the thermal contraction of indium melt clusters

The structure of In-1%Cu and In-5%Cu (mass fraction) alloy melts were studied at different temperatures above liquidus by using a high-temperature X-ray diffractometer and were compared with that of pure In melt. Experimental results show that with the addition of 1% Cu or 5% Cu, the thermal contraction phenomenon of atom clusters occurs in melts with the temperature increasing like pure In melt. With the addition of 1% Cu, the thermal contraction of atom clusters increases and the contraction is not homogeneous in the whole measurement temperature range. The sudden change and noticeable contraction can be found in the range of 280-390℃. The temperature range of the sudden change is lower than that of pure In melt. With the addition of 5% Cu, the thermal contraction of atom clusters decreases and the contraction is not consistent in the whole measurement temperature range. The anomalous change can be measured at about 600 ℃. At the same superheating temperature, the nearest interatomic distance r1 of     

基于分块分形的工业CT图像缺陷自动定位算法

针对传统的缺陷定位必须经过图像分割和缺陷提取等步骤,识别过程比较麻烦而且费时,提出了一种基于分块分形的工业CT图像缺陷自动定位算法.该方法首先对图像进行分块处理,对每个分块区域进行分形维数计算.通过分形维数频域分布直方图进行阈值处理,标记边缘块,最后通过连通区域处理标记块,进而对缺陷进行标记定位.通过对含有不同缺陷数目的固体火箭发动机模型工业CT图像处理,均可以准确地定位缺陷.实验结果表明,该方法能有效、准确地自动定位工业CT图像缺陷,且具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于空间填充曲线的动态负载均衡算法

针对Web集群系统中服务器的数量不断增加、负载指标动态变化的特点,为实现均衡的分配请求,提出一种使用空间填充曲线来实现动态负载均衡的算法。利用空间填充曲线可高效得将高维数据映射到一维索引的特点,使均衡器根据实时收集的各项负载指标快速定位到最优编码的服务器。实验结果表明,该算法能有效地缩短请求响应时间,提升了集群系统的整体性能,在大规模集群系统中均衡效果更好。     

智能制造装备视觉检测控制方法综述

为满足智能制造装备产业对机器视觉技术的巨大需求,本文结合装备技术特点和特殊应用环境,提出了通用的机器视觉检测控制技术体系,弥补了当前研究的不足.本文首先对该技术体系的成像系统、自动图像获取、图像预处理、标定与分割、识别检测、视觉伺服与优化控制等关键核心技术,进行了总结和阐述.然后提出了视觉检测控制系统设计的一般原理,并结合3种典型装备,对其具体应用进行详细说明.最后根据智能制造装备不断增长的高可靠性、智能化、高速高精度作业等需求,探讨了视觉检测控制技术所面临的新问题和新挑战.