老白干香型大曲的生产技术及工艺参数

老白干香型大曲以小麦为原料，经粉碎，粗细比为7：3；曲坯水分含量在30％～32％之间；应防止小麦生芽霉变，曲坯踩制拌料不匀、松紧不一，曲坯厚薄不等，轻重不一；曲房要清洁、卫生，配备温度计；卧曲、曲的上霉（挂衣）期、晾霉、潮火、干火阶段、后火、出房、大曲贮存等工序都有严格的技术和工艺参数要求，按其生产所得的大曲独具特色。     

多角度全毛面料抗皱性测试仪

现有面料抗皱性能测试方法只评价面料经、纬向抗皱性能,无法评价其他方向的抗皱性,导致测量结果不全面,针对这个问题,设计一台多角度面料抗皱性测试仪器,仪器包括硬件和软件2部分,硬件部分包括织物多角度压皱系统和图像采集系统,软件部分主要将采集的图片进行定量化分析,用以评价面料多角度抗皱性能.文章测试10块全毛面料,并将新设计的测试仪器与传统YG541B型测试仪器进行对比,得出二者评价相关性一致,但新仪器测试精度较高.     

关于GB/T 21704-2008方法改进和适用范围的研究

目的 对GB/T 21704-2008《乳与乳制品中非蛋白氮含量的测定》中前处理部分提出方法改进,明确方法的适用范围。方法 用不同剂量的三氯乙酸溶液沉淀样品中蛋白质,过滤后测定滤液中非蛋白氮含量；加水完全溶解三组不同质量的三聚氰胺,加入不同体积的三氯乙酸溶液,观察三聚氰胺在不同浓度三氯乙酸溶液中的析出情况；加标不同量的三聚氰胺,测定计算回收率确定仪器的检测限。结果 样品中蛋白质含量低于20 g/ 100 g 时,20 mL 15%三氯乙酸溶液可完全沉淀样品中蛋白质；三氯乙酸浓度越高,三聚氰胺溶解度越小,越容易析出；本实验用的全自动凯氏定氮仪最低可准确稳定检测2 mg三聚氰胺/10g样品。结论 国标方法改进后可以节约试剂,在消化环节缩短加热时间,提高实验效率；三聚氰胺在三氯乙酸溶液中的溶解度情况和仪器检测限的限制框定方法的适用范围是2 mg -20 mg三聚氰胺/10g样品。     

采场周边爆破参数最优值的现场确定

控制爆破技术是采矿方法及回采工艺实施中的关键技术.文中详述了采场周边炮眼宽孔距控制爆破技术及其参数最优值的现场试验及确定.试验及确定结果值得借鉴.     

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Oil Extraction from Olive Cake

The kinetics of oil extraction from olive cake by using ethanol 96% was studied for different solvent-to-solids ratios and temperatures. The thermodynamic aspect of the extraction process was also examined. In the kinetic study, the results produced by the model of So and Macdonald (a model involving two main mechanisms of oil extraction: a washing process and a diffusion process with two stages) were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The yield of oil in the extract increased with increasing contact time, solvent-to-solids ratio and extraction temperature. The calculated values of the mass transfer coefficients of various stages of the extraction were found to increase linearly with solvent-to-solids ratio and temperature. In all cases, the predominant mechanism in the extraction was the washing of the oil occurring on the particle surface. The values of the activation energy were 8.56 kJ mol⁻¹ for the washing stage, 9.88 kJ mol⁻¹ for the first stage of diffusion and 17.55 kJ mol⁻¹ for the second stage of diffusion by changing temperature from 20 to 50 °C. Further, the results obtained from thermodynamic study of extraction process gave positive values of enthalpy and entropy changes and negative values of change in free energy. Under the equilibrium conditions, the temperature coefficient was found to be 1.02.     

TG–DSC analysis of straw biomass pyrolysis and release characteristics of noncondensable gas in a fixed-bed reactor

Under the double pressures caused by the energy shortage and environmental damage, to exploit the agricultural wastes and convert into available clean fuels are becoming more and more urgent in modern society. The aim of learning the pyrolysis characteristics of soybean straw and corn straw, the nonisothermal thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) method was used in this work. The results showed that both of biomass feedstocks all underwent four different pyrolysis stages, with the increase in heating rate, the peak temperature shifted toward the high-temperature interval, and that the yield of bio-char also increased correspondingly; potassium had an influence on the thermal cracking of biomass, and that the existence form of potassium and impregnation increment of sylvite would result in the yield of bio-char was distinct. In addition, temperature and catalyst had a significant impact on the gaseous products of biomass pyrolysis. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature could enhance the yield of CO and H₂ and CH₄ content reached the maximum at 600°C. For both of the biomass, sylvite had a negative effect on the formation of CH₄, and H₂ content of soybean straw reached a maximum with 5% K₂CO₃ and corn straw with 5% KCl.     

董酒小窖发酵工艺参数变化分析

董酒生产工艺使用小曲小窖制酒醅,产酒工艺是董酒生产的重要组成部分,在小窖发酵工艺过程中,酒醅的水分、温度、酸度、淀粉、还原糖等工艺参数的变化至关重要,对董酒的品质、产量有着重要的影响。本研究对董酒小曲小窖酿酒工艺参数变化进行跟踪分析。     

Control of anthracnose rot and quality deterioration in loquat fruit with methyl jasmonate

BACKGROUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit has a short shelf‐life, mainly due to fungal decay. Current control of postharvest disease of the fruit is mainly dependent on fungicides. However, because of the increasing consumer concern over food safety, there is an urgent need to search for effective alternatives to control disease. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and maintaining quality of loquat fruit. RESULTS: Loquat fruit were treated with 10 µmol L^?1 MeJA and wound inoculated with C. acutatum spore suspension of 1.0 × 10⁵ spores mL^?1 24 h after treatment, and then stored at 20 °C for 6 days. The percentage of infected wounds showing decay symptom was reduced from 54.4% to 16.7% and the lesion diameter was reduced from 7.26 mm to 4.00 mm by MeJA treatment on the 4th day after inoculation. MeJA treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days storage. Meanwhile, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate and total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of flesh leatheriness. CONCLUSION: MeJA treatment effectively inhibited anthracnose rot and maintained quality in loquat fruit. Inhibition of the disease was mainly because of resistance induced in loquat fruit by MeJA. A postharvest application of MeJA could be an alternative to chemical fungicides for control of postharvest disease in loquat fruit. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

一种基于PXI总线技术的液压脉冲测控系统

虚拟仪器是当前测控领域的热点.本文应用虚拟仪器技术设计了液压脉冲测控系统,该系统利用PXI总线仪器作为硬件基础,以图形化的编程语言LabVIEW为软件开发工具.在实际应用中,这套系统实现了数据采集与波形控制功能,各项指标符合技术要求.