Azimuthally oscillating membrane emulsification for controlled droplet production

A novel membrane emulsification (ME) system is reported consisting of a tubular metal membrane, periodically azimuthally (tangentially) oscillated with frequencies up to 50 Hz and 7 mm displacement in a gently cross flowing continuous phase. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis showed consistent axial shear at the membrane surface, which became negligible at distances from the membrane surface greater than 0.5 mm. For comparison, CFD analysis of a fully rotating ME system showed local vortices in the continuous phase leading to a variable shear along the axis of the membrane. Using an azimuthally oscillating membrane, oil‐in‐water emulsions were experimentally produced with a median diameter of 20–120 μm, and a coefficient of variation of droplet size of 8%. The drop size was correlated with shear stress at the membrane surface using a force balance. In a single pass of continuous phase, it was possible to achieve high dispersed phase concentrations of 40% v/v. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3607–3615, 2015     

Production of Particle‐Stabilized Nonspherical Emulsion Drops in Simple Shear Flow

Nonspherical drops are of interest in the formation of microcapsules in life sciences like food, pharmacy, and cosmetics, agro and fine chemicals as well as material sciences. Out of many systems, particle‐stabilized emulsion drops, so‐called Pickering emulsions, exhibit an interesting formulation. Systems with Pickering particles applied in an excess amount were investigated. During deformation, the particles fully covered the enlarged drop interfaces and prevented its relaxation to a spherical drop shape. Nonspherical drops could be produced in simple shear flow using an adequate process routine. The production in a simple device is a promising high‐throughput alternative to microfluidic devices.     

纯剪切应变状态下天然橡胶元件的疲劳损伤特性

应用有限元分析与计算技术研究了橡胶元件实现纯剪切状态的设计要求,并计算了其5种疲劳损伤评价参数;通过加载扭转角位移实测了环形橡胶剪切试件的纯剪切疲劳损伤寿命,观察了该试件的疲劳失效位置和裂纹扩展方向;建立了疲劳损伤评价参数与纯剪切疲劳损伤寿命的幂函数模型。结果表明,环形橡胶剪切试件的内径与其厚度及高度的比值均约为10时,承载后可近似实现纯剪切应变状态;以转矩下降率25%为失效标准时,填充炭黑天然橡胶试件的纯剪切疲劳损伤寿命与其角位移、对数主应变、应变能密度、柯西主应力及剪切应变均存在较强的幂函数关系;环形橡胶剪切试件的裂纹扩展方向与其轴线方向成约45°角,且裂纹的产生位置为试件的应变集中区域。     

剪切控制取向注射成型概述

对比了剪切控制取向注射成型（ＳＣＯＲＩＭ）与普通注射成型（ＣＩＭ）的基本原理，剪切控制技术（ＳＣＯＴ），可消除制品熔接缝，改善外观质量，还可消除内在应力和空隙等缺陷，提高制品内在质量。     

波纹缺陷对复合材料层合板压缩力学性能影响研究

采用真空辅助灌注成型工艺与热压罐成型工艺,分别制备不同增强材料的标准压缩试样和含缺陷的压缩试样。压缩测试实验结果表明,压缩载荷下波纹缺陷引起压缩弹性模量和强度显著减小,并且对压缩强度的影响更加明显;同时,均一波纹对复合材料板材的压缩强度与压缩弹性模量的影响比梯度波纹更大;此外,波纹对碳纤维预浸料增强复合材料的力学性能影响更大,层间剪切破坏是试样主要失效机制,并且在纤维波纹的最大偏转角处,试样易发生横向剪切破坏。     

含AP炸药装药在剪切加载下的动态响应特性

采用小落锤加载装置和自行设计的剪切装置研究了含AP及不含AP的两种炸药装药在剪切加载下的动态响应特性,分别采用高速摄影和扫描电镜记录了装药动态响应过程和晶体的微观状态。结果表明,含AP炸药装药的临界点火阈值为1.0m,不含AP炸药装药的临界点火阈值为1.2m,表明AP的加入使整个炸药装药变得敏感;炸药药柱在加载作用下主要经历冲击、塑性流动、剪切、飞散、反应等阶段;剪切加载后的AP晶体损伤以剪切变形和穿晶断裂为主,而RDX晶体以塑性变形和破碎为主,差异主要与AP晶体的力学强度较低及没有明确的熔点性能有关。     

拉压状态下预紧力齿连接接头承载力和剪应力分布规律研究

复合材料预紧力齿连接是一种新型连接方式,具有较高的连接效率。本文对预紧力齿连接平板单齿试件进行拉伸与压缩试验,研究对比两种荷载状态下的承载力和剪应力分布规律,采用数字散斑和有限元接触建模两种方法分析齿剪切面的剪应力分布。通过研究发现,相同参数的单齿试件在拉伸与压缩荷载下的承载力相差不大,但两种荷载下齿剪切面的剪应力分布规律却不同。该结论可以用于预紧力齿连接接头的设计计算中。     

Assessment of local strain field in adhesive layer of an unsymmetrically repaired CFRP panel using digital image correlation

The present study focuses on experimental investigation of through the thickness displacement and strain field in thin adhesive layer in single sided (unsymmetrical) patch repaired CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) panel under tensile load. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique is employed to acquire the displacement and strain (longitudinal, peel and shear) field. Experimental determination of shear transfer length based on shear strain field obtained from DIC is introduced to estimate the optimum overlap length which is an essential parameter in patch design for the repair of CFRP structures. Further, DIC experiment with magnified optics is performed to get an insight into complex and localized strain field over thin adhesive layer especially at critical zones leading to damage initiation. The failure mechanism, load displacement behavior, damage initiation and propagation are closely monitored using DIC. The influence of patch edge tapering on strain distribution in adhesive layer is also investigated. The DIC successfully captures the global and localized strain field at critical zones over thin adhesive layer and further helps in monitoring the damage based on strain anomalies. Strains are found to have maximum magnitude at the patch overlap edge and the shear strain level in adhesive layer is higher than the peel strain. Normal tapering increases the peel strain and has negligible influence on shear strain level in adhesive layer. The recommended overlap length is found to be consistent with the recommendation in the literature. Whole field strain pattern and the overlap length obtained from experiment are further compared with the finite element analysis results and they appear to be in good coherence.     

软岩改性及其微观机理研究

为了改善软岩遇水软化的特性,采用化学改性、水泥改性以及复合改性的处理方法从微观上改变软岩的结构,通过静态水润湿角实验、膨胀率实验、崩解性实验和直接剪切实验得到了改性前后软岩物理力学性质变化规律,并从微观上分析改性机理.结果表明:复合改性相对单一改性能够更好的改善软岩遇水软化的特性;复合改性后软岩的润湿角由3.58°提高到109.48°,使软岩由亲水性转变为憎水性;膨胀率由改性前的16.61％降为2.42％;软岩由强崩解性转变为弱崩解性;复合改性后软岩的抗剪强度变化明显,粘聚力由117.2 kPa增加到363.8 kPa,内摩擦角由24.4°提高到44.3°,分别提高了210.4％、81.6％;复合改性从微观上改变了软岩的结构,提高了颗粒间的胶结作用力,并在颗粒表面形成一层憎水膜.     

Oil viscosity measurement by ultrasonic reflectance

Pulses of shear-mode ultrasound (center frequency 10 MHz) are reflected from the surface of a series of vegetable and synthetic high-viscosity calibration oils at a range of temperatures (5–50°C). For all samples and temperatures there is a single negative correlation between the magnitude of the echo from the interface between the delay-line and the sample and the viscosity of the sample. Similar experiments with longitudinal ultrasonic waves show the amount of sound reflected decreased with increasing viscosity, but there is no single correlation for all samples.