Straightforward modeling of dynamic I–V characteristics for microwave FETs

This work presents a straightforward approach aimed at modeling the dynamic I–V characteristics of microwave active solid‐state devices. The drain‐source current generator represents the most significant source of nonlinearity in a transistor and, therefore, its correct modeling is fundamental to predict accurately the current and voltage waveforms under large‐signal operation. The proposed approach relies on using a small set of low‐frequency time‐domain waveform measurements combined with numerical optimization‐based estimation of the nonlinear model parameters. The procedure is applied to a gallium nitride HEMT and silicon FinFET. The effectiveness of the modeling procedure in terms of prediction accuracy and generalization capability is demonstrated by validation of the extracted models under operating conditions different than the ones used for the parameters estimation. Good agreement between measurements and model simulations is achieved for both technologies and in both low‐ and high‐frequency range. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:109–116, 2014.     

Application of a multiline material characterization method to inkjet printed electronics

Material characterization has become increasingly important with the adoption of simulation‐based workflow for microwave electronics design. This article focuses on the characterization of printable electronics materials using transmission‐line measurements and demonstrates the capability of the multiline characterization method to separate dielectric and conductor losses when line geometry and material properties vary between the lines. The effects of multiline algorithm, number of line standards, and methods for selecting optimal line lengths are demonstrated. Consistent characterization results are obtained from inkjet‐printed transmission lines on two different substrate materials. In addition, local conductor thickness variations are demonstrated as an effective way to decrease losses. Finally, the simulation‐based procedure for determining the material properties is outlined and applied to printable electronics characterization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:177–183, 2014.     

Development of soft sensor by incorporating the delayed infrequent and irregular measurements

Originated from challenging industrial applications, this paper addresses a soft sensor development problem for linear systems with two types of measurements. One is fast, regular and delay-free measurements. The other is infrequent, irregular measurements with time-varying delays. The approach to be taken is based on the Kalman filter and data fusion technique, avoiding running the full augmented state Kalman filter, and leading to a considerably lower implementation cost. Although it is suboptimal, the loss in performance is minor compared to the optimal filter. Two simulation examples demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach. An industrial soft sensor application example is also used to demonstrate its practicality.     

Velocity measurements and flow field characteristic analyses in a turbo air classifier

Turbo air classifier is one of the most widely used powder classification equipment. The rotor cage as a rotary component can create a forced centrifugal field, so it is a key part for turbo air classifier. In order to investigate the effect of structural variations of the rotor cage on flow field characteristics, three dimensional velocity measurements of the annular region in a turbo air classifier equipped with two different rotor cage bottom plates (A and B type) are performed by laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). It is found that the different bottom plates have different axial and tangential velocity distributions in the annular region. However, the structural variations of the rotor cage have hardly any effect on the radial velocity. Based on the classification principle, the relation between the classification performance and the flow field characteristics is investigated in great detail.The results of the flow field measurements were tested by the classification experiments carried out with cement raw meal and ground calcium carbonate. The results demonstrate that B type bottom plate can realize the production of narrow particle size distributions, so it is more favorable for classification than A type bottom plate. Classification experiment results are in good agreement with the results of the flow field measurements.     

Zinc-rich powder coatings corrosion in sea water: influence of conductive pigments

The effect of addition of conductive pigments like carbon blacks on the corrosion behavior of zinc-rich powder paints coated steel in artificial sea water was investigated. Open circuit potential measurements were used to characterize the cathodic protection ability and duration. Micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed in order to identify the corrosion products and to follow the penetration of the solution inside the coatings.

Two different effects were pointed out: an increase of the porosity induced by carbon addition and a galvanic action between zinc and carbon pigments. The performance of the powder coatings, strongly improved if the carbon amount is sufficient, was compared to the one reported for solvent-based zinc-rich paints.     

自旋器件中的自旋动力学:微波领域应用的新兴科学

自旋电子学指通过控制和利用电子自旋(而不是电荷)获得一系列新颖性能的研究领域。自旋电子器件已经成功地应用于计算机硬盘驱动器和磁性随机存储器,对IT行业的发展产生了深远的影响。这些应用都是基于自旋极化传输效应,即具有固定自旋取向的电子穿过磁性异质结所发生的相关效应。目前,在将微波和自旋极化传输联系起来的自旋器件中的自旋动力学研究,为研制尺寸远远小于微波波长的新型微波器件提供了巨大的潜能。在这篇综述中,首先简单地介绍了自旋器件的概念;接着研究了微波实验来研究自旋电子器件的微波辅助翻转和自旋泵浦现象。前者将能够开发出高密度的计算机硬盘,而后者,结合直接电子检测技术,将能够实现小型化的无源微波探测器。     

电子剪切散斑技术在木材无损检测中的应用

复合板材及木制品等表面或内部的缺陷对材料性能有很大影响,如何快速准确地对其进行无损检测,并判断缺陷的位置大小是很有意义的.针对松木板试件,通过预置表面和内部隐藏缺陷来近似模拟实际缺陷情况,提出一种基于剪切散斑干涉技术的木材无损检测技术新方法,实现了对松木试件的无损检测.在表面缺陷的检测中讨论了剪切量对结果的影响,利用像素标定的方法,得到直径为6、5、3mm的缺陷信息;在内部隐藏缺陷检测中,借助热加载技术同时引入相移技术使剪切散斑检测技术不仅具有非接触、全场实时检测等特点,而且完成对内部隐藏近表面缺陷的定量无损检测.整个检测过程光路简单,实时快速,实验结果与实际情况符合较好.     

基于光纤像面全息的金属构件微位移测量

针对激光全息技术能处理常规方法难以解决的问题以及光纤具有环境适应性的特点,设计了一种基于光纤像面全息干涉计量对金属材料构件微小位移测量的方法.通过对不同芯径传像光纤束情况下的成像结果分析,得出了与材料力学相符合的结论.实验结果表明,提出的方案适用于对金属材料特性的高精度测量,可以解决阻碍激光全息技术推广应用和发展的环境要求.     

激光全息军用关键部件三维变形及应力测试

三维形变和三维应力测量一直是结构工程领域的重要研究课题。本文基于数字全息原理,设计了数字全息记录测试装置,实现了三维物体变形的测量;基于四个干涉图法和Matlab软件编程,提出并实现了数字相移,省去了压电位移器、位相控制器等硬件,简化了装置;基于数字全息测得的变形量与有限元理论,利用Ansys软件编程,获得变形物体的三维应力的大小及分布,从而实现了数字全息三维应力测试。大量实验表明,此方法实验装置简单、测量精度高,变形测量可容易达到1/10波长,应力测量精度可达到1.535×10^5Pa。     

煤层厚度变化区域矿震活动规律研究

为更有效地预防采掘期间深部煤层分叉或厚度变化区域冲击矿压的发生,以某矿回采工作面为工程实践背景,基于矿震活动在能量释放与震动频次方面的变化特征及在空间上的分布规律,分析了煤层分叉及煤层厚度变化对冲击矿压的影响。结果表明:在大能量矿震发生前,日震动频次连续处于高位而日释放能量较长时间维持低水平;在煤层厚度变化区域,矿震活动活跃,容易发生大能量矿震。通过对矿震进行"时间-空间"分析,可以确定矿震集中区域和能量积聚时间段,从而可对煤层厚度变化影响区域进行有针对性的卸压防冲工作。