Customized Utilization Strategies of Industrial Lignin to Produce Adsorbents and Flocculants Based on Fractionation and Adequate Structural Interpretation

Lignin, a by-product of pulping and biorefinery, has great potential to replace petrochemical resources for wastewater purification. However, the defects of lignin, such as severe heterogeneity, inferior reactivity and poor solubility, characterize the production process of lignin-based products by high energy consumption and serious pollution. In this study, several lignin fractions with relatively homogeneous structure were first obtained by organic solvent fractionation, and their structures were fully deciphered by various characterization techniques. Subsequently, each lignin component was custom-valued for wastewater purification based on their structural characteristics. Benefiting from the high reactivity and reaction accessibility, the lignin fraction (lignin-1) refined by dissolving in ethanol and n-butanol could been used as a raw material to produce cationic lignin-based flocculant (LBF) in a copolymerization system using green, cheap and recyclable ethanol as solvent. The lignin fraction (lignin-2) extracted by methanol and dioxane showed low reactivity and high carbon content, which was used to produce lignin-based activated carbon (LAC) with phosphoric acid as activator. Moreover, the influences of synthetic factors on the purification capacity were discussed, and the LBF and LAC produced under the optimal conditions showed distinguished purification effect on kaolin suspension and heavy metal wastewater, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding purification mechanism and external factors were also elaborated. It is believed that this cleaner production strategy is helpful for the valorization of lignin in wastewater resources.     

浅谈外墙外保温外饰面砖施工技术

结合工程实例从粘结机理、保温层受力情况、安全系数等方面进行了讨论,初步分析了墙体外墙外保温外饰面贴砖的安全性,提出了在施工中应采取的质量控制措施。     

Study on support mechanism of pre-stressed truss cable and its application

The truss cable support technology was put forward to control the large mining height and composite mudstone strata roadway. This technique makes the steady rock in roadway slantwise top be anchor points, makes the truss cable be steady support structure through special implement, and supplied rock in anchor area with horizontal and vertical pressure which strengthens the surrounding rock＇s anti-strain capability, so it can solve the support problem in roadway with the large cross section and large mining height with mudstone strata. The support mechanism of truss cable about how to make the soft strata stabilize is analyzed by use of the mechanical method. Based on the mechanism and numerical simulation method, the truss cable support project was designed and used to the large mining setting room in eleventh mining area of Bailong Mine successfully.     

基于改进YOLOv7的钢材表面缺陷检测

钢材表面缺陷对于钢材行业来说是一个巨大的挑战。针对传统的钢材缺陷检测方法存在着效率低、检测精度不高等问题,基于YOLOv7设计了一种AFSD-YOLOv7模型进行实时的钢材表面缺陷检测。首先,在YOLOv7模型中使用一种轻量化卷积结构替换标准卷积结构,,以加速模型的推理过程;然后采用快速空间金字塔池化结构替换原始空间金字塔池化结构,以加速网络的特征提取过程;最后添加改进的ECA-Net注意力机制,以提升模型检测精度。实验结果表明,AFSD-YOLOv7能够对钢材缺陷进行有效识别,相比YOLOv7模型,计算量减少了54.8%,mAP提高了3.2%,对于钢材表面缺陷检测具有实际应用价值。     

新时代背景下劳模文化引导高校开展劳动教育的 实践路径探析

劳模文化是以劳模为代表的先进劳动者的精神风貌和工作方式的集中体现, 作为中华民族精神和时代精神的重要组成部分, 体现了爱国主义和改革创新的核心价值。加强大学生的劳动教育是高校贯彻落实立德树人根本任务之所需, 更是推动大学生全面发展之所应, 而劳模文化为高校劳动教育的开展提供了鲜活案例和丰富教学资源。将探索新时代劳模文化引导高校开展劳动教育的实践路径, 以此树立大学生正确的劳动观, 助力培育具有高尚品德和职业素养的时代新人。     

The Insulin Receptor: An Important Target for the Development of Novel Medicines and Pesticides

The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane protein that is activated by ligands in insulin signaling pathways. The IR has been considered as a novel therapeutic target for clinical intervention, considering the overexpression of its protein and A-isoform in multiple cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. Meanwhile, it may also serve as a potential target in pest management due to its multiple physiological influences in insects. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural and molecular biology of the IR, functions of IRs in humans and insects, physiological and nonpeptide small molecule modulators of the IR, and the regulating mechanisms of the IR. Xenobiotic compounds and the corresponding insecticidal chemicals functioning on the IR are also discussed. This review is expected to provide useful information for a better understanding of human IR-related diseases, as well as to facilitate the development of novel small-molecule activators and inhibitors of the IR for use as medicines or pesticides.     

Experimental study on the deformation and failure mechanism of overburden rock during coal mining using a comprehensive intelligent sensing method

Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of overburden deformation during coal mining is still a challenge in engineering practice due to the limitation of monitoring techniques. Taking the Yangliu Coal Mine as an example, a similarity model test was designed and conducted to investigate the deformation and failure mechanism of overlying rocks in this study. Distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS), highdensity electrical resistivity tomography(HD-ERT) and close-range photogrammetry(CRP) technolo...     

煅烧温度对环保型莫来石多孔陶瓷结构和性能的影响

莫来石多孔陶瓷因其高强度和耐腐蚀等性能得到广泛地应用。然而,由于合成莫来石的原料高岭土的不可再生性及持续上涨的价格,寻找廉价易得的替代原料对于合成莫来石多孔陶瓷迫在眉睫。建筑废弃物的成分与高岭土相似,可作为高岭土的可行替代品之一。以建筑废弃物和Al₂O₃为主要原料,AlF₃为晶须催化剂,B₂O₃为烧结助剂,成功制备了环保型莫来石多孔陶瓷。通过阿基米德排水法、XRD和SEM等表征手段,深入探究了多孔陶瓷的晶相、微观形貌和物理化学特性。同时,研究了煅烧温度对莫来石多孔陶瓷结构和性能的影响规律及作用机制。结果表明,适当提升煅烧温度有助于莫来石晶须的生成,但过高的温度会导致晶须粗化和晶粒增大。当煅烧温度为1 200 ℃时,莫来石晶须的生长形貌最佳,晶须直径约为0.05—0.1 μm、长度为0.5—1 μm、长径比在15—20之间。随着煅烧温度增加,莫来石多孔陶瓷的开口孔隙率不断降低,抗折强度不断增强。当煅烧温度为1 200 ℃时,样品的开口孔隙率达到（61.78±0.72 ）%,抗折强度达到（3.74±0.46） MPa。因此,以建筑废弃物为主要原料可成功制备具有高气孔率的莫来石多孔陶瓷。本研究为建筑废弃物合成莫来石多孔陶瓷提供了可靠的理论支持,对降低生产成本及推动建筑废弃物资源化再利用等有重要理论价值和实际意义。     

碱金属盐对气基还原铁矿石的催化规律研究

通过气体催化还原氧化铁试验,研究了碱金属盐对气基还原铁氧化物反应的影响规律,对于同一种阳离子的盐催化活性规律为:氟化物＞氯化物＞碘化物＞溴化物;硝酸盐＞氢氧化物＞碳酸盐＞硫酸盐>磷酸盐.并提出了一种新的微观催化机理:添加剂的催化作用在于添加剂的原子改变Fe-O化学键的作用程度;添加剂的催化活性与阳离子、阴离子种类以及化合物的稳定性有关;这三方面因素相互耦合,共同决定添加剂的催化性能;其催化性能用公式表示为:Ψαf(M ) βf(X-)-γ(T)f(MX).     

黄河某水电站库区泥石流特征及工程影响研究

黄河某水电站库区泥石流沟道发育,对该水电站运行安全带来不利影响。结合国内外有关研究成果,根据库区内泥石流的具体特征,以杏儿沟、官亭沟和喇家沟为重点研究对象,分析研究了这几条沟泥石流的形成条件及运动特征,包括泥石流的流速、流量等,并将泥石流对工程的危害作出评价。研究成果对水电站建设具有重要指导意义。