基于改进BiGRU-CNN的中文文本分类方法

传统的自注意力机制可以在保留原始特征的基础上突出文本的关键特征,得到更准确的文本特征向量表示,但忽视了输入序列中各位置的文本向量对输出结果的贡献度不同,导致在权重分配上存在偏离实际的情况,而双向门控循环单元（BiGRU）网络在对全局信息的捕捉上具有优势,但未考虑到文本间存在的局部依赖关系。针对上述问题,提出一种基于改进自注意力机制的BiGRU和多通道卷积神经网络（CNN）文本分类模型SAttBiGRU-MCNN。通过BiGRU对文本序列的全局信息进行捕捉,得到文本的上下文语义信息,利用优化的多通道CNN提取局部特征,弥补BiGRU忽视局部特征的不足,在此基础上对传统的自注意力机制进行改进,引入位置权重参数,根据文本向量训练的位置,对计算得到的自注意力权重概率值进行重新分配,并采用softmax得到样本标签的分类结果。在两个标准数据集上的实验结果表明,该模型准确率分别达到98.95%和88.1%,相比FastText、CNN、RCNN等分类模型,最高提升了8.99、7.31个百分点,同时精确率、召回率和F1值都有较好表现,取得了更好的文本分类效果。     

用于嵌套命名实体识别的边界强化分类模型

实体嵌套是自然语言中一种常见现象,提高嵌套命名实体识别的准确性对自然语言处理各项任务具有重要作用。针对现有嵌套命名实体识别方法在识别实体边界时不够准确、未能有效利用实体边界信息等问题,提出一种嵌套命名实体识别的边界强化分类模型。采用卷积神经网络提取邻接词的特征,通过加入多头注意力的序列标注模型获取实体中的边界特征,提高实体边界检测的准确性。在此基础上,计算实体中各词语对实体类型的贡献度,将实体关键字与实体边界词相结合来表示实体,使实体表示中包含实体关键信息和边界信息,最后进行实体类型检测。实验结果表明,通过加入多头注意力机制能够有效提升对嵌套命名实体的检测和识别性能,该模型在GENIA和GermEval 2014数据集上准确率有较好表现,并且召回率和F1值较对比模型达到最优。     

结合外部知识库与适应性推理的场景图生成模型

为在场景图生成网络中获得重要的上下文信息,同时减少数据集偏差对场景图生成性能的影响,构建一种基于外部知识库与适应性推理的场景图生成模型。利用结合外部知识库的目标检测模块引入语言先验知识,提高实体对关系类别检测的准确性。设计基于Transformer架构的上下文信息提取模块,采用两个Transformer编码层对候选框和实体对关系类别进行处理,并利用自注意力机制分阶段实现上下文信息合并,获取重要的全局上下文信息。构建特征特殊融合的适应性推理模块,通过软化分布并根据实体对的视觉外观进行适应性推理关系分类,缓解实体对关系频率的长尾分布问题,提升模型推理能力。在VG数据集上的实验结果表明,与MOTIFS模型相比,该模型在谓词分类、场景图分类和场景图生成子任务上的Top-100召回率分别提升了1.4、4.3、7.1个百分点,对于多数关系类别具有更好的场景图生成效果。     

Mechanical activation-assisted electro-thermal explosion synthesis of the Ti2AlC phase

This study deals with the synthesis of the Ti₂AlC phase using the Electro-Thermal Explosion under Pressure with Confinement (ETEPC) technique. The effects of the ETEPC technique and the milling process parameters on the TiC_x phase content and the formation mechanism of the Ti₂AlC phase were investigated. The latter is mainly affected by the morphology of the powder mixture and aluminum melted amount. The optimization of the above parameters allowed the achievement of the desired reaction, leading to the formation of the Ti₂AlC phase with a purity of about 97?wt%. The results clearly demonstrate that the ETEPC process enables one to control both time and material synthesis temperature.     

Dynamic response of Kevlar®29/epoxy laminates under projectile impact-experimental investigation

This authors of this article investigated the dynamic response of woven Kevlar®29/epoxy laminates subjected to the impact loading. The cylindrical aluminum foam projectile and steel projectile were used to exert the impulse on the laminates. Deformation/failure modes, deflections, strain histories, and failure mechanisms were obtained and discussed. The results showed that with the high toughness of Kevlar fiber, the deformation modes of the laminates exhibited some characteristics similar to the metal panel, such as large global deformation. The failure mechanisms like matrix failure, fiber splitting, and fibrillation were observed. These micron failures led to the macroscopic delamination and fracture of the laminates.     

A Novel and Facile Route to Synthesize Atomic‐Layered MoS2 Film for Large‐Area Electronics

High‐quality and large‐area molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) thin film is highly desirable for applications in large‐area electronics. However, there remains a challenge in attaining MoS₂ film of reasonable crystallinity due to the absence of appropriate choice and control of precursors, as well as choice of suitable growth substrates. Herein, a novel and facile route is reported for synthesizing few‐layered MoS₂ film with new precursors via chemical vapor deposition. Prior to growth, an aqueous solution of sodium molybdate as the molybdenum precursor is spun onto the growth substrate and dimethyl disulfide as the liquid sulfur precursor is supplied with a bubbling system during growth. To supplement the limiting effect of Mo (sodium molybdate), a supplementary Mo is supplied by dissolving molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆) in the liquid sulfur precursor delivered by the bubbler. By precisely controlling the amounts of precursors and hydrogen flow, full coverage of MoS₂ film is readily achievable in 20 min. Large‐area MoS₂ field effect transistors (FETs) fabricated with a conventional photolithography have a carrier mobility as high as 18.9 cm² V^?1 s^?1, which is the highest reported for bottom‐gated MoS₂‐FETs fabricated via photolithography with an on/off ratio of ≈10⁵ at room temperature.     

Advanced Nanostructured Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Sodium–ion batteries (NIBs), due to the advantages of low cost and relatively high safety, have attracted widespread attention all over the world, making them a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage systems. However, the inherent lower energy density to lithium–ion batteries is the issue that should be further investigated and optimized. Toward the grid‐level energy storage applications, designing and discovering appropriate anode materials for NIBs are of great concern. Although many efforts on the improvements and innovations are achieved, several challenges still limit the current requirements of the large‐scale application, including low energy/power densities, moderate cycle performance, and the low initial Coulombic efficiency. Advanced nanostructured strategies for anode materials can significantly improve ion or electron transport kinetic performance enhancing the electrochemical properties of battery systems. Herein, this Review intends to provide a comprehensive summary on the progress of nanostructured anode materials for NIBs, where representative examples and corresponding storage mechanisms are discussed. Meanwhile, the potential directions to obtain high‐performance anode materials of NIBs are also proposed, which provide references for the further development of advanced anode materials for NIBs.     

Revolving Vernier Mechanism Controls Size of Linear Homomultimer

A new kind of the Vernier mechanism that is able to control the size of linear assembly of DNA origami nanostructures is proposed. The mechanism is realized by mechanical design of DNA origami, which consists of a hollow cylinder and a rotatable shaft in it connected through the same scaffold. This nanostructure stacks with each other by the shape complementarity at its top and bottom surfaces of the cylinder, while the number of stacking is limited by twisting angle of the shaft. Experiments have shown that the size distribution of multimeric assembly of the origami depends on the twisting angle of the shaft; the average lengths of the multimer are decamer, hexamer, and tetramer for 0°, 10°, and 20° twist, respectively. In summary, it is possible to affect the number of polymerization by adjusting the precise shape and movability of a molecular structure.     

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of 30 wt% B4C/6061Al Composites

This paper focuses on studying the fatigue crack growth (FCG) characteristics and fracture behaviours of 30 wt% B₄C/6061Al composites fabricated by using powder metallurgy and hot extrusion method. Compact tension (CT) specimens having incisions parallel to the extrusion direction (T‐D) and perpendicular to the extrusion direction (E‐D) were investigated through FCG tests. Results show that, at low/medium stress‐intensity factor range levels (ΔK ≤ 9), crack propagation rate in E‐D specimens is lower than that in T‐D specimens because the elongated B₄C particles parallel to the extrusion direction in E‐D specimens can deflect the crack. The scanning electron microscope micrographs of the fractured surface illustrate that crack mainly propagates in the matrix alloy at the initial stage of its propagation and propagates more remarkably near the particle‐matrix interface with the increase of ΔK value. B₄C particles are also found to be easy to fracture during the rapid crack propagation. Based on fracture analyses, considering the impacts of factors like crack deviation, plastic zone size at the crack tip, and crack driving force, a 2‐D crack propagation model was developed to study the fatigue crack propagation mechanism in the 30 wt% B₄C/6061Al composite.     

接触触发式探头结构优化设计

设计了一种适用于微纳米三坐标测量机的高灵敏度接触触发式探头。介绍了该探头的结构和原理,建立了探头的灵敏度模型和刚度模型,依据三维方向等灵敏度和等刚度的原则,利用最优化方法得出了探头结构参数的最优解。对探头的刚度进行了仿真验证;分别对探头的刚度、分辨率以及稳定性进行了实验测试。实验结果表明:该探头在三维方向上的刚度均小于1 mN/μm,且近似相等;分辨率高于50 nm;当环境温度的波动范围小于±0.025℃时,探头在1.3 h内的漂移量为20nm。