Dehydrogenation of Light Alkanes Over Rhenium Catalysts on Conventional and Mesoporous MFI Supports

Recently, Re/HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 15) was shown to be an efficient catalyst for ethane dehydrogenation and aromatization at 823 K and atmospheric pressure. In this reaction, the major initial products were benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX), but increasing amounts of ethene were produced with time on stream due to deactivation of the catalyst. We show that by use of rhenium impregnated MFI supports with very few or no acidic sites (Si/Al > 500), highly selective ethane dehydrogenation catalysts are obtained with ethene selectivities of 98%. By use of mesoporous MFI supports (Si/Al >500) the lifetime of the catalyst appears to be slightly improved compared to conventional MFI crystals. The beneficial effect of a mesoporous MFI support is convincingly demonstrated in propane dehydrogenation, where both conversion and selectivities on the mesoporous MFI (Si/Al > 500) impregnated with Re are significantly higher than on Re supported on a comparable conventional MFI support.     

Structure and dynamics of a pentablock copolymer of polystyrene-polybutadiene in a butadiene-selective solvent

We have examined solutions of a polystyrene-polybutadiene pentablock copolymer in n-heptane, a strongly selective solvent for polybutadiene. Small angle neutron scattering from 7 to 15% samples reveals domains about 10 nm in radius formed by the association of 200 polystyrene blocks. Dynamic light scattering measurements on 8 and 9% samples showed three modes: a fast diffusive mode related to the collective diffusion in semidilute solutions/gels; a relaxational mode related to the local dynamics of polystyrene domains trapped in the gel formed by bridging the domains with the polybutadiene chains; and a very slow diffusive mode. The relaxational dynamics persisted over the entire temperature range, becoming faster with increasing temperature, indicating a decreased microviscosity at higher temperatures. The slow dynamics seems to be connected with heterogeneities in the physical gel due to microsyneresis and almost disappeared above 50 °C. Macroscopic phase separation into two liquid phases was observed in a dilute solution of the un-associated copolymer, and into a liquid and gel phase at higher concentrations. The absence of flower-like micelles in dilute solutions and the macroscopic phase seperation suggest that the gels in the pentablock are formed by random association of multiplet domains and not by bridging of micellar domains.     

Photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light irradiation on Zn1-x Cu x S solid solution

The H₂ evolution reaction from an aqueous Na₂SO₃ solution proceeded with 3.7% quantum yield under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) on a Zn_0.957Cu_0.043S solid solution photocatalyst without co‐catalysts such as Pt. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Studies on phase separation rate in porous polyimide membrane formation by immersion precipitation

Phase separation rate during porous membrane formation by immersion precipitation was investigated by light scattering in a polyimide/N‐Methylpyrrolidone (NMP)/water system. In the light scattering measurement, plots of scattered intensity against scattered angle showed maxima in all cases, which indicated that phase separation occurred by a spinodal decomposition (SD). Characteristic properties of the early stage of SD, such as an apparent diffusion coefficient D_app and an interphase periodic distance Λ, were obtained. The growth process of Λ was also followed by light scattering. The growth rate had the same tendency as D_app when water content in the nonsolvent bath and the polymer concentration in the cast solution were changed. The pore size of the final membrane increased with decreasing water content, which was opposite to the tendency of Λ growth rate. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 292–296, 2003     

Zn-Al-CO_3水滑石晶粒尺寸控制与光屏蔽作用研究

在旋转液膜反应器中制备成核浆液 ,通过控制晶化温度制备了不同粒径且晶体结构完整的Zn Al CO3水滑石 (LDHs)。将不同粒径的Zn Al CO3LDHs配成质量分数为 0 0 2 %的水分散液 ,测定在紫外 -可见光范围的透过率 ,结果发现 ,随晶化温度的升高 ,LDHs粒径增大 ,样品对紫外及可见光的阻隔作用增强 ;Zn Al CO3LDHs在不同波长下的吸光度与晶体粒子在a轴和c轴方向的尺寸呈线性关系。由外推法求得了Zn Al CO3LDHs对各波长紫外 -可见光产生屏蔽作用的晶粒尺寸阈值。对波长分别为 2 90、3 2 0、40 0、60 0和 80 0nm光波能够产生屏蔽作用的Zn Al CO3LDHs ,其粒子尺寸在a轴方向需分别大于 3 2 92、3 3 77、3 4 77、3 5 5 6、3 5 79nm ;在c轴方向需分别大于 9 73、12 79、16 47、19 3 5、2 0 2 2nm。     

二氧化碳催化加氢研究进展

介绍了近年来由 CO2 催化加氢制取甲醇、烃类、醛类、甲酸和二甲醚等反应的研究进展     

Scaling laws and polystyrene networks: a quasi-elastic light scattering study

Randomly crosslinked networks with a range of crosslink densities were prepared by γ-irradiation. Quasielastic light scattering measurements were made on the gels swollen to equilibrium in cyclohexane at 308, 318 and 333 K. The longitudinal osmotic modulus M_os was obtained from the intensity of the dynamically scattered light, and the cooperative diffusion coefficient D_c calculated from the relaxation rate of the autocorrelation function. The concentration dependence of these parameters at the theta temperature was found to be consistent with the scaling predictions, but at higher temperatures where excluded volume conditions prevail, deviations from scaling behaviour were observed. These discrepancies are probably caused by defects in the network structure.     

电子显微镜研究分子筛的新进展

电子显微镜在沸石分子筛的研究中起着重要的作用.阐述了透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术研究沸石分子筛的原理,描述了使用不同种类的电子显微镜剖析沸石分子筛的形态、尺寸、粒径分布等,并介绍了近年来电镜技术对沸石分子筛,特别是对新型功能介孔材料及手性介孔材料的研究进展.电子显微镜的发展将推动分子筛及纳米材料在选择性催化/吸附过程中的应用.     

利用菱镁石合成轻质碳酸镁工艺及其工业化

利用低品位的菱镁石为原料，采用碳酸法生产工艺合成轻质碳酸镁。将MgO含量≤42％的菱镁石经煅烧、磨矿、消化、过滤、碳化、热解、压滤、干燥、粉碎可得符合国际优级品轻质碳酸镁。通过工业化生产证明，此工艺技术具有投资少、成本低、质量好、效益高等特点。