航班恢复问题的迭代局部搜索算法

在恶劣天气和机械故障等原因造成航班不能按照原计划执行时,航空公司需要采取相应的措施对航班进行恢复。本文基于经典的资源指派模型,综合考虑了调整时间、换机、联程拉直、取消航班和调机5种恢复策略,提出一种以最小化加权成本为优化目标的航班恢复模型,并设计一种迭代局部搜索算法。首先用构造-修复启发式方法构造可行解,然后从该初始解出发,在飞机路线对的邻域中进行局部搜索。当陷入局部最优后,对解进行扰动,然后从扰动后的解重新出发进行局部搜索。为了提高搜索效率,同时降低陷入局部最优解的概率,局部搜索过程采用模拟退火算法。实例结果表明,本文提出的模型及算法能够在短时间内对受到影响的大规模航班计划进行恢复。     

A dual Newton strategy for tree‐sparse quadratic programs and its implementation in the open‐source software treeQP

This paper presents a dual Newton scheme for tree‐sparse quadratic programs as they may arise in the field of stochastic programming. Previous work suggests to introduce auxiliary variables to decompose the tree into scenarios and use Newton's method to solve a dual problem formulation. Following a different approach, we apply the same principle directly on the tree‐sparse problem, avoiding the increase in dimensionality. In combination with a tailored algorithm for the calculation of the step direction, which is typically the most expensive operation per iteration, the proposed algorithm achieves a linear complexity in the number of nodes and supports parallel processing of the tree branches in a stage‐wise fashion. An open‐source implementation of the presented dual Newton strategy is publicly available in treeQP , a toolbox of open‐source solvers for tree‐sparse quadratic programs.     

Detection of correlation characteristics between financial time series based on multi-resolution analysis

Interactions between financial time series are complex and changeable in both time and frequency domains. To reveal the evolution characteristics of the time-varying relations between bivariate time series from a multi-resolution perspective, this study introduces an approach combining wavelet analysis and complex networks. In addition, to reduce the influence the phase lag between the time series has on the correlations, we propose dynamic time-warping (DTW) correlation coefficients to reflect the correlation degree between bivariate time series. Unlike previous studies that symbolized the time series only based on the correlation strength, the second-level symbol is set according to the correlation length during the coarse-graining process. This study presents a novel method to analyze bivariate time series and provides more information for investors and decision makers when investing in the stock market. We choose the closing prices of two stocks in China’s market as the sample and explore the evolutionary behavior of correlation modes from different resolutions. Furthermore, we perform experiments to discover the critical correlation modes between the bull market and the bear market on the high-resolution scale, the clustering effect during the financial crisis on the middle-resolution scale, and the potential pseudo period on the low-resolution scale. The experimental results exactly match reality, which provides powerful evidence to prove that our method is effective in financial time series analysis.     

From a local community to a global influence. How elBulli restaurant created a new epistemic movement in the world of haute cuisine

Location plays a major role in the building of artistic, technological or scientific movements that emerge in specific locations before achieving a worldwide reach. However, a deeper understanding is needed about the interplay of local/global knowledge dynamics in the epistemic construction of a movement. Based on an in-depth longitudinal study of a critical case, this article sheds light on these issues by analysing the case of ‘techno-emotional cuisine’, a global gastronomic movement initiated and led by chef Ferran Adrià and his team at the restaurant elBulli in Catalonia (in Northern Spain). The results suggest that the dynamics of formation of a new epistemic movement depend on the form and nature of the interactions between the local buzz and global pipelines, and on the capacity of the originating community to develop and diffuse the new rules and ‘episteme’ on a global scale while consolidating them locally.     

Measurement of propagation velocity driven by current microstimulation in the mouse auditory cortex in vitro

All sensory cortical areas, including the auditory cortex, are considered to be wired according to the same general laminar structure schema, commonly referred to as the canonical model of cortical circuitry. The auditory cortex in vivo , however, is functionally anisotropic; the functional organization along the tonotopic axis is qualitatively different from that orthogonal to this axis. In the current study, we examined whether the functional anisotropy of the auditory cortex observed in vivo is reflected in propagation activity driven by electric stimulation in the local microcircuitry in vitro . Using in vitro preparations of coronal and angled horizontal brain slices, we directly investigated their isotropic versus anisotropic properties using microstimulation and multi‐site recording with a multielectrode array substrate. Our results clearly demonstrated the isotropic properties of the circuits in slice preparations of the auditory cortex. Additionally, we found that driven by stimulation current in layer 4, the horizontal velocity of activity propagation in layer 2/3 was faster than the vertical velocity from layer 4 to layer 2/3 and the horizontal velocity in layer 4. On the basis of these results, we discuss the local network and its possible functions in the auditory cortex. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

纤维素的辐射裂解及其化学性质

纤维素经高能射线辐照,能产生一系列的化学和物理性质的变化。本文报道在不同剂量的~(60)Coγ射线辐照下,稻草中的水溶性糖、易水解糖、难水解糖,以及氨基酸、蛋白质等物质的化学变化;用辐射与加泡涨剂相结合的方法处理稻草,可以降低剂量、提高效应。     

一种快速中值滤波算法在集装箱检查系统中的应用

讨论了一种新的中值滤波算法，有效地降低了传统中值滤波算法的时间复杂度，提高了计算效率和运算速度。该算法在大型集装箱检查图像处理中的应用，取得了良好的效果，提高了图像处理的速度，增强了图像处理的实时性。     

模拟草酸钚沉淀母液中草酸电解破坏研究

采用循环伏安法和线性扫描法对模拟草酸钚沉淀母液中草酸和钚的电化学行为进行研究。研究结果表明,HNO₃介质中的H₂C₂O₄在Pt电极上的氧化为不可逆反应。在模拟的草酸钚沉淀母液中,因Pu(Ⅳ)被C₂O^2-₄络合而未出现Pu(Ⅲ)/Pu(Ⅳ)的氧化还原峰,H₂C₂O₄的氧化峰则清晰可见,H₂C₂O₄的氧化反应仍为不可逆过程。对模拟草酸钚沉淀母液进行恒电流电解,考察了模拟母液中Pu(Ⅳ)初始浓度对草酸电解速率的影响以及电解过程中Pu价态的变化。结果表明,钚浓度为0.002～0.1g/L时,对H₂C₂O₄的电解速率影响不大。恒电流密度下电解可将草酸钚沉淀母液中草酸的浓度破坏到0.001mol/L以下,可满足工艺要求。     

Hydrazine decomposition on nickel-embedded graphene

In this article, the catalytic effect of the Ni-embedded graphene has been investigated for hydrazine (N₂H₄) decomposition reaction through Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with Grimme-D2 dispersion correction. Nickel embedded graphene systems are expected to be much cheaper than pristine nickel surfaces in the future because of relatively few numbers of Ni atom usage, experimentally synthesizable, and limit the Ni usage. The transformation of N₂H₄ has been taken into account in two different ways. The first way is sequential N–H and, the second one is the N–N bond cleavage from the gauche conformation which is the most stable conformation in gas phase and sole conformation observed on the Ni site. According to our findings, ·NH₂ formation breaking the N–N bond in hydrazine has lower activation energy than hydrogen abstraction from hydrazine. The difficulty of breaking N–H bonds stems from the spatial accumulation of negative and positive charges, so it causes a mismatch between hydrogen atoms and negatively charges carbon atoms. NH₃ formation pathway through the interaction of N₂H_x (x = 1 → 4) species with co-adsorbed ·NH₂ radicals is accompanied by much lower activation barriers and highly exothermic. Nevertheless, metal-embedded graphene systems are promising materials for hydrazine dehydrogenation and can be tailored to have more efficient charge distribution.     

Optimal design and operation of ammonia decomposition reactors

The design and steady-state operation of a packed bed reactor with tubular geometry is optimized. Direct optimal control methods are used. Two objective functions are considered: (i) minimization of the ammonia mass fraction at reactor outlet and (ii) minimization of the heat flux necessary to reach a predefined value of the ammonia mass fraction at reactor outlet. The optimization process is performed by using different controls, that is, the space distributions of (1) tube wall temperature T_w , (2) circular tube diameter D_tube , and (3) diameter d_p of the catalyst spherical particles. Results for the first objective function are as follows. The optimal distribution of T_w along the reactor consists of a constant temperature or a U-shaped space temperature distribution, respectively, depending on the allowed range of variation of T_w . The optimal space distribution of D_tube (or, in other words, the shape of the reactor tube) depends of T_w . For smaller values of T_w the tube is narrower at inlet and larger at outlet while the reverse situation happens for larger values of T_w . For lower T_w values, particles with smaller diameter d_p are placed at reactor inlet while when higher values of T_w are considered, particles with larger d_p are placed at reactor inlet. When both D_tube and d_p are used as controls, the optimization results are generally different from the results obtained from one-control optimization. Results for the second objective function are as follows. The optimal space distribution of T_w starts with high values at reactor inlet. Next, the temperature decreases abruptly towards a minimum (which is lower for longer tubes). Finally, the temperature increases smoothly towards a maximum near the reactor outlet. The required heat flux slightly decreases by increasing the tube length. The optimal D_tube ranges between its maximum allowed value (at reactor inlet) and its minimum allowed value (at reactor outlet). The best performance is obtained for catalyst particles of the smallest allowed diameter.