An infrared spectroscopic study of the mechanism of chloromethane conversion to higher hydrocarbons on HZSM5 catalyst

Investigation of the reaction mechanism of chloromethane on ZSM5 is a new topic. In this work an in situ FTIR technique was employed to study the conversion processes of chloromethane, the active sites on HZSM5, and the desorption state of surface species. The catalytic conversion of chloromethane to higher hydrocarbons was also studied. It is demonstrated that chloromethane can be reversibly adsorbed on acidic sites of HZSM5 at room temperature. At 100°C chloromethane is irreversibly and dissociatively adsorbed on the strong acidic sites of HZSM5, on which surface methoxyl is formed as proved by infrared characteristic C-H stretchings of-CH₃ at 2960 and 2870 cm^–1. Alkoxyls are produced and adsorbed on the catalyst surface as characterized by the infrared absorption bands of -CH₂-groups at 1460 and 2930 cm^–1. At 100°C the adsorbed methoxyl and alkoxyls are the main surface species, and a small amount of aromatics might exist as detected by a characteristic absorption band at 1510 cm^–1. Between 100 and 200°C the adsorbed surface methoxyl and alkoxyls are converted to aromatics, and the occupied OH groups partially appear. At temperature higher than 300°C the adsorbed aromatics are thermally desorbed into the gas phase. Aromatics and alkanes are the main products in catalytic conversion. These results reveal that the formation of aromatics from methoxyl and alkoxyls is easier than the desorption of aromatics from HZSM5 catalyst. An alkoxyl mechanism is proposed for the conversion of chloromethane on HZSM5 based upon the experimental results and the three assumptions: (a) The primary C-C bond is formed from surface methoxyl groups via the methoxyl group polarization and C-H bond weakening, (b) The adsorbed alkoxyls are converted to aromatics via hydrogen transfer and bond rearrangement similar to the conventional carbenium ion mechanism for the aromatization of olefins and alkanes on HZSM5. The hydrogen atoms from the aromatization stimulate the desorption of alkoxyls to alkanes. (c) At temperature higher than 300°C surface reactions and desorption of adsorbed species take place simultaneously, determining the product distribution in the catalytic conversion.     

浅谈红外测温在发现运行电力设备缺陷方面的应用

红外检测技术水平日臻成熟,在电力系统中作为有效、便捷的缺陷检测手段越来越受到各级管理部门的重视,本文通过工作中红外测温发现的一个缺陷实例,阐述了用红外测温发现缺陷时应注意的几个问题。     

The intervalley X6→Γ6, L6 scattering time in GaAs measured by ultrafast pump-probe infrared absorption spectroscopy

A direct measurement of the dynamics of electrons in the X₆ valley for a GaAs crystal by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy is reported for the first time. IR picosecond probe pulses were used to monitor the growth and decay of the population in the X₆ valley subsequent to excitation by a 527 nm pump pulse. The intervalley X₆→Γ₆, L₆ scattering time t_x of 0.70 ± 0.50 ps is determined and the crossection for the X₆→X₇ transition is estimated to be 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁶ cm².     

折反光学系统最佳红外像面位置的研究

较深入地研究了折反光学系统的红外像面,为确定实际的红外像面提出了一个新方法—计算从可见光边缘无色的弥散圆到红外最佳像面的距离。实践证明,这是确定这类光学系统最佳像面的一个方便、可靠的方法。     

虚拟红外成像器件的模拟输出电路设计

虚拟红外成像器件是能输出红外图像数据源的器件,在调试图像采集系统的硬件和软件时能替代非制冷红外焦平面阵列。虚拟成像器件的输出具有很好的线性度和精度,可作为图像采集电路的标定器件。文设计了虚拟红外成像器件的模拟输出电路,根据UL03401性能参数,设计了信号调理电路,通过在FPGA上使用ROM中查表方式校正模拟端口输出误差,在实际应用中表现了良好的精确性。     

含三维内裂纹透明类岩石材料破坏红外热像试验研究

由于目前针对含三维内裂纹的岩石破坏红外热像特征的研究较少,本文基于预埋浇注法制作含内裂纹类岩石试件,开展了单轴压缩块体试验和巴西圆盘劈拉试验,得到含内裂纹的岩石破坏过程,监测内裂纹扩展及试件破坏过程中的红外热像特征,得到以下结论:(1)含三维内裂纹的块体试件在单轴压缩下,在预制内裂纹面上发生剪切破坏;(2)块体试件在单轴压缩作用下红外热像特征明显,在破坏时,在预制内裂纹面处急剧升温;(3)含三维内裂纹巴西圆盘试件在预制内裂纹尖端发生翼型裂纹扩展,边缘带有针刺状Ⅲ型裂纹参与特征,最终翼型裂纹与上下表面贯穿;(4)巴西圆盘试验的红外热像特征与块体单轴压缩不同,在断裂面处未发生明显变化。研究结果为研究三维内裂纹的扩展规律及内裂纹扩展破裂的红外热像规律可提供一定的试验参考。     

视觉测量中多光学靶点亮度自适应控制

提出了一种面向大视场高精度视觉测量的多红外目标靶点（红外LED）亮度自适应控制方法。以微控制器PIC16F873A和LED驱动芯片MAX6964作为核心器件,设计了可满足大空间范围内靶点亮度控制需求的多目标靶点控制驱动器。为了使LED在近距测量时的调节精度和远近距离测量时的发光亮度都能满足要求,根据MAX6964输出特点设计了PWM信号输出电路,并采用推挽电路驱动LED。实验证明,目标靶点在CCD相机上成像光斑稳定一致。     

漫射红外技术的智能家居无线局域网设计

分析了红外技术在短距离无线通信中的优势,并将其应用在智能家居局域网中;结合安华高科技公司的HSDL-3020红外收发模块搭建了硬件电路,构成网络的主从节点;介绍了网络组建的过程,包括IrDA协议栈结构、数据编码格式、链路连接、网络管理机制等。本设计实现了对家居设备的统一管理,具有较高的应用价值。     

改进神经网络在芝麻油掺伪检测中的应用

研究芝麻油掺伪检测问题,提高检测精度。由于成分复杂,掺伪后化学成分变化,直观难以检测。传统物理或化学芝麻油掺伪检测方法操作复杂,设备昂贵,存在不同程度缺陷。结合近红外光谱技术和神经网络优点,提出一种RBF神经网络-近红外光谱的芝麻油掺伪检测方法(NIR-RBF)。首先采用近红外光谱提取芝麻油样本的光谱信息,然后采用主成分分析提取光谱信息主要有效成分,最后将主要有效成分输入到神经网络进行学习,得到芝麻油掺伪检测结果。采用建立的模型对掺入不同类型植物油的芝麻油进行检测,结果表明,相对于其它芝麻油掺伪检测方法,NIR-RBF提高了检测精度和速度,降低了检测误差,是一种快速、有效的芝麻油掺伪检测方法。     

Photovoltaic effect and carrier transport mechanisms in Hg1-Mnxtdiodes

Hg_1-xMn_xTe semiconducting semimagnetic alloy has been examined in the context of its possible applications in infrared detectors. For analysis of detector properties the intrinsic carrier concentration has been calculated as a function of temperature and crystal composition. The starting material was In-doped Hg_1-xMn_xTe grown by the modified Bridgman method. The as-grown crystals with manganese content of 12-19% were p-type with carrier concentration and mobility of 100 cm²/ Vs at 77 K. An-type layer was formed on the surface by the annealing process in saturated Hg-vapour at 270-320° for 2 hrs. Capacitance-voltage curves have C^-3 dependence on applied voltage indicating that the junction is linearly graded. From standard electrical measurements and spectral characteristics the main detector parameters were determined and compared to those of Hg_1-xCd_xTe devices. The influence of material properties on detector parameters was analyzed. In order to estimate the carrier transport mechanisms, differential resistivities and current-voltage curves were measured over a wide range of temperaturesi.e. 25 to 300 K. From the temperature dependence of the R₀A product, it was established that at high temperatures (150-300 K) the carrier transport is dominated by a recombination-generation mechanism. In low temperature region the excess current at forward bias is probably attributed to carrier tunneling via energy states distributed randomly within the forbidden gap. At reverse bias the leakage surface or volume currents dominate in the carrier transport.