Photothermal radiometric detection and imaging of surface cracks

This paper discusses surface crack detection by photothermal radiometric imaging (PRI). In PRI, also called dynamic infrared scanning, a surface is scanned with a spot of heat. Imperfections are detected by radiometrically sensing changes in the surface temperature of a small area in the vicinity of this spot. In the work described, cracks narrower than 25 µm (0.001 in.) in a lightly rusted steel surface have been detected. Indiscrete scanning an amplitude modulated heating beam is moved in steps, remaining at each location long enough to measure amplitude and phase of the AC temperature. Incontinuous scanning a constant intensity heating beam is moved continuously while the temperature deviations are measured. This paper presents methods of calculating amplitude and phase of surface temperature for discrete scanning and instantaneous temperature for continuous scanning across a surface crack. For a steel surface scanned by a watt-level laser beam, predicted surface temperature deviations when crossing the crack are several degrees Celsius, with expected radiometrically detected power several orders of magnitude above the detector noise. In experiments performed, both techniques easily detected narrow cracks in a smooth, clean surface. Discolorations and pits, on the other hand, generate a disturbing type of surface noise. This noise was minimized by differential detection. Based on results obtained, continuously scanned PRI with a fan-type heating beam and array detection could become a viable way of mapping surface cracks at practical scanning speeds.     

基于红外检测的变电站设备热状态诊断

提出了一种基于红外检测的变电站设备热状态诊断方案。首先基于变电站设备的红外图像,采用局部方差映射函数和遗传算法阈值提取了变电站设备的热状态数据,以用于对异常区域进行分割。然后构建了红外图像灰度数与变电站设备温度两者之间的关系。最后采用改进的相对温差法达到了对设备热状态进行分类和诊断的目标,并捕获定位了变电站设备的热状态异常区域。实验结果表明,该方法提高了异常热区提取的精度和效率,提升了变电站设备热状态诊断的容错能力,进一步保证了变电站和整个电力系统的运行稳定性。     

基于AIE特性的萘酰亚胺衍生物的合成及光谱研究

以分子内电荷转移为原理,选用萘酰亚胺为荧光团,与三苯胺通过偶联反应,制备了一种萘酰亚胺衍生物有机光功能小分子材料,其合成路线简单,实验操作条件易控,成品产率较高。对其光学性能进行研究,在不同溶剂中的光学性能主要表现出两个强吸收带,荧光发射达到到近红外区域,其表现出了非常明显的聚集诱导发光（AIE）特性,固体表现出很强的橘橙色荧光现象。     

氮气氛下直拉硅中氮含量的红外光谱测定

提出了利用直拉硅中与氮有关的特征红外吸收峰９６３、９９６、１０８１－１及１０２７ｃｍ－１确定直拉硅中氮含量的计算公式，并进行了多种样品实测。该法克服了只用９６３ｃｍ－１峰测定直拉硅中氮使结果偏低的弊病，方法相对偏差为５％～２０％     

Red Emissive Carbon Dots Prepared from Polymers as an Efficient Nanocarrier for Coptisine Delivery in vivo and in vitro

Negatively charged fluorescent carbon dots (CDs, E_m=608 nm) were hydrothermally prepared from thiophene phenylpropionic acid polymers and then successfully loaded with the positively charged anticancer cargo coptisine, which suffers from poor bioavailability. The formed CD-coptisine complexes were thoroughly characterized by particle size, morphology, drug loading efficiency, drug release, cellular uptake and cellular toxicity in vitro and antitumor activities in vivo. In this nano-carrier system, red emissive CDs possess multiple advantages as follows: 1) high drug loading efficiency (>96 %); 2) sustained drug release; 3) enhanced drug efficacy towards cancer cells; 4) EPR effect; 5) drug release tracing with near-infrared imaging. These properties indicated that red emissive CDs prepared from polymers could be used as a novel drug delivery system with integrated therapeutic and imaging functions in cancer therapy, which are expected to have great potential in future clinical applications.     

Vibrational Spectroscopy in Assessment of Early Osteoarthritis—A Narrative Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, and there is currently no effective medicine to cure it. Early prevention and treatment can effectively reduce the pain of OA patients and save costs. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose OA at an early stage. There are various diagnostic methods for OA, but the methods applied to early diagnosis are limited. Ordinary optical diagnosis is confined to the surface, while laboratory tests, such as rheumatoid factor inspection and physical arthritis checks, are too trivial or time-consuming. Evidently, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid nondestructive detection method for the early diagnosis of OA. Vibrational spectroscopy is a rapid and nondestructive technique that has attracted much attention. In this review, near-infrared (NIR), infrared, (IR) and Raman spectroscopy were introduced to show their potential in early OA diagnosis. The basic principles were discussed first, and then the research progress to date was discussed, as well as its limitations and the direction of development. Finally, all methods were compared, and vibrational spectroscopy was demonstrated that it could be used as a promising tool for early OA diagnosis. This review provides theoretical support for the application and development of vibrational spectroscopy technology in OA diagnosis, providing a new strategy for the nondestructive and rapid diagnosis of arthritis and promoting the development and clinical application of a component-based molecular spectrum detection technology.     

Biowaste-derived hydroxyapatite reinforced with polyvinyl pyrrolidone/aloevera composite for biomedical applications

The present investigation focuses on the synthesis of crabshell-derived hydroxyapatite (CS-HAP)/ water-soluble synthetic polymer—polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)/aloevera(AV)—a natural biopolymer, as a composite for enhanced mechanical, antibacterial and biocompatible properties. The reinforcement of polymer has a significant function in increasing the mechanical property of the composite, whereas the incorporation of AV improves the antibacterial and biocompatibility. Phase composition, morphology, mechanical property, and hydrophilicity of CS-HAP/PVP/AV biocomposite with different concentrations of PVP and AV were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Vickers microhardness tests, contact angle, respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficiency of the composite is assessed using Escherichia coli (E coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus). The biocompatibility of HOS MG 63 cells on the CS-HAP/PVP/AV composite is evaluated by MTT assay test. The obtained results evidence that the as-synthesized composite have appropriate mechanical, antibacterial and biocompatible properties. Overall, the combination of mechanical property of PVP, antibacterial and biocompatible property of AV in CS-HAP/PVP/AV, makes the composite a potential therapeutic material for various biomedical applications.     

碳酸锂在水和NaCl-KCl溶液体系中溶解度的在线测定

碳酸锂溶解度在工业结晶生产中是十分重要的基础数据。采用浸入式红外探头和拉曼探头在线监测溶液体系中CO₃^2-和碳酸锂的特征峰峰强的变化,依据Lambert-Beer定律得出溶液体系中实时在线测定碳酸锂的溶解度。通过在线测定,测得碳酸锂在氯化钠-氯化钾溶液（c_NaCl=0.446 6 mol/L,c_KCl=0.015 8 mol/L）中的溶解度高于在水中的溶解度值。实验测试出的水中碳酸锂的溶解度数据还能与Van′t Hoff方程较好地关联,进一步测算碳酸锂在其他温度下水中的溶解度值。此外,该方法测定的碳酸锂在水中的溶解度数据比文献值中采用重量分析法测试出的溶解度数据偏小,是因为测试装置不同造成的。     

FORMATION OF MANGANESE SILICIDE THIN FILMS BY SOLID PHASE REACTION

1. IntroductionThe transition metal silicides have attraeted much attention because of their potentialapplicatiOIl in very large scale integration (VLSI) de.ice[1]. Near-noble metal silicides canbe used as Schottky al1d ohn1ic col1tacts in silicon-based d…     

Characterization of molecular orientation in injection–stretch–blow‐molded poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles by means of external reflection infrared spectroscopy

The molecular orientation at the outer surface of injection–stretch–blow‐molded bottles made from poly(ethylene terephthalate) was characterized and quantified by means of front‐surface reflection infrared spectroscopy based on a method developed previously. Results were obtained for two different bottle shapes (cylindrical and rectangular) molded at different injection mold temperatures (16, 38, and 60°C). For the cylindrical bottles, the preferred molecular chain orientation was found to be in the axial direction, with the Hermans orientation function near 0.3 for all three mold temperatures. For the less symmetrical rectangular bottles, a significant difference was observed between the large and small faces. For the large face, the orientation was mainly in the hoop direction; the Hermans orientation function was in the range of 0.3–0.5 and was essentially the same at all mold temperatures and positions along the bottle height. For the small face, on the other hand, the preferred orientation changed from the hoop direction near the bottom to the axial direction near the top, and the variation was more pronounced at lower mold temperatures. The utility of the front‐surface reflection technique was clearly demonstrated. It was also applied, with the use of an infrared microscope, to examine the orientation gradient across the wall thickness. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1319–1327, 2007