齿轮传动噪声机理分析与控制对策

本文主要针对齿轮传动噪声的机理进行了分析,尤其是对齿轮加工中的产生齿形误差进行了较为详细的分析,同时从 设计、制造、安装等方面提出了相应的控制对策。     

Mechanics unloading analysis and experimentation of a new type of parallel biomimetic shoulder complex

The structure design for high ratio of carrying capacity to deadweight is one of the challenges for the bionic mechanism, while the problem concerning high carrying capacity has not yet be solved for the existing shoulder complex. A new type biomimetic shoulder complex, which adopts 3-PSS/S(P for prismatic pair, S for spherical pair) spherical parallel mechanism (SPM), is proposed. The static equilibrium equations of each component are established by using the vector method and the equations for constrain forces with certain load are solved. Then the constrain force on the middle limb and that on the side limbs are compared in order to verify the unloading performance of the mechanism. In addition, the prototype mechanism of the shoulder complex is developed, and the force feedback experiment is conducted to verify the static analysis, which indicates that the middle limb suffers most of the external force and the effect of mechanics unloading is achieved. The 3-PSS/S spherical parallel mechanism is presented for the shoulder complex, and the realization of mechanics unloading is benefit for the improvement of the carrying capacity of the shoulder complex.     

开放式多自由度可控机构综合实验台的研制

结合多自由度可控机构的主要研究内容、特点以及最新研究成果,研制了既能满足机械原理、机械设计等课程本科实验教学的需要,又可满足研究生机构学实验教学与科研需要的开放式综合实验台,该综合实验台不仅能实现平面机构运动简图绘制与分析等实验教学,而且还能对多自由度可控机构正、逆解运动学以及系统数字控制等问题,进行开放性实验研究,从而为进一步加强和提高学生的动手及创新能力,提供一定的实验基础。     

T23钢管蒸汽侧氧化层的微观结构及形成机理

采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等研究了T23钢管蒸汽侧氧化层的结构和形成机理。结果表明:该氧化层分为内层、中间层和外层;内层为疏松及富含孔洞的富铬、钒及钨的非均质层氧化层,中间层为相对致密且呈柱状结构的Fe3O4,外层为较薄的Fe2O3;金属基体与内层氧化层界面处存在内氧化,金属基体与内层氧化层界面处存在明显界限及间隙,温度剧烈变化时氧化层易在金属基体与内氧化层界面处剥落;T23钢蒸汽侧内层氧化层疏松、多孔及其整体易剥落的特征,使其抗蒸汽氧化性能差。     

Sulfidation properties of Fe-Al alloys at 1173 K in H2S-H2 atmospheres

The sulfidation kinetics and morphological development of reaction products are reported for Fe-9 and 18 at.% Al alloys exposed at 1173 K to H₂S-H₂ atmospheres at sulfur pressures in the range 10^–1–10³ Pa. The Fe-9 Al alloy sulfidized parabolically at Pa giving rise to a duplex scale composed of an outer Al-doped FeS layer and an inner FeS + FeAl₂S₄ lamellar layer and to an internal sulfidation zone containing Al₂S₃ precipitates. The Fe-18 Al alloy which was sulfidized at .     

水下湿法焊接研究进展

为研究深水湿法焊接电弧等离子体介质击穿机制,建立了高压水下湿法焊接试验平台,获取40 m水深电弧引弧阶段光谱图,基于PIC-MCC方法建立40 m水深湿法焊接电弧击穿放电三维数值模型并对其进行分析,将光谱诊断电弧等离子体温度、电子数密度和数值模型分析得到的结果进行对比,验证了模型的合理性与正确性. 根据电弧光谱得到的电弧等离子体的主成分,从微观粒子角度对高压水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体动态演变过程展开研究,获得等离子体动态分布、粒子数目、电弧等离子体温度及电子数密度变化.结果表明,电子与背景成分水分子发生电离碰撞主要生成H⁺,OH⁺和O⁺,且OH⁺数目增长速度最快, H⁺次之,O⁺最后,在粒子数目上OH⁺远远大于H⁺和O⁺数目;电子与背景气体碰撞过程中发生了能量转移,运动到极板介质层的电子动能减小,电子与极板介质层电离碰撞反应弱化,直至达到饱和.     

Binding Networks Identify Targetable Protein Pockets for Mechanism-Based Drug Design

The human genome codes only a few thousand druggable proteins, mainly receptors and enzymes. While this pool of available drug targets is limited, there is an untapped potential for discovering new drug-binding mechanisms and modes. For example, enzymes with long binding cavities offer numerous prerequisite binding sites that may be visited by an inhibitor during migration from a bulk solution to the destination site. Drug design can use these prerequisite sites as new structural targets. However, identifying these ephemeral sites is challenging. Here, we introduce a new method called NetBinder for the systematic identification and classification of prerequisite binding sites at atomic resolution. NetBinder is based on atomistic simulations of the full inhibitor binding process and provides a networking framework on which to select the most important binding modes and uncover the entire binding mechanism, including previously undiscovered events. NetBinder was validated by a study of the binding mechanism of blebbistatin (a potent inhibitor) to myosin 2 (a promising target for cancer chemotherapy). Myosin 2 is a good test enzyme because, like other potential targets, it has a long internal binding cavity that provides blebbistatin with numerous potential prerequisite binding sites. The mechanism proposed by NetBinder of myosin 2 structural changes during blebbistatin binding shows excellent agreement with experimentally determined binding sites and structural changes. While NetBinder was tested on myosin 2, it may easily be adopted to other proteins with long internal cavities, such as G-protein-coupled receptors or ion channels, the most popular current drug targets. NetBinder provides a new paradigm for drug design by a network-based elucidation of binding mechanisms at an atomic resolution.     

Reactions of Recombinant Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase with Redox Cycling Xenobiotics: A Mechanistic Study

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) catalyzes single-electron reduction of quinones (Q), nitroaromatic compounds (ArNO₂) and aromatic N-oxides (ArN → O), and is partly responsible for their oxidative stress-type cytotoxicity. In order to expand a limited knowledge on the enzymatic mechanisms of these processes, we aimed to disclose the specific features of nNOS in the reduction of such xenobiotics. In the absence or presence of calmodulin (CAM), the reactivity of Q and ArN → O increases with their single-electron reduction midpoint potential (E¹₇). ArNO₂ form a series with lower reactivity. The calculations according to an “outer-sphere” electron transfer model show that the binding of CAM decreases the electron transfer distance from FMNH₂ to quinone by 1–2 Å. The effects of ionic strength point to the interaction of oxidants with a negatively charged protein domain close to FMN, and to an increase in accessibility of the active center induced by high ionic strength. The multiple turnover experiments of nNOS show that, in parallel with reduced FAD-FMN, duroquinone reoxidizes the reduced heme, in particular its Fe²⁺-NO form. This finding may help to design the heme-targeted bioreductively activated agents and contribute to the understanding of the role of P-450-type heme proteins in the bioreduction of quinones and other prooxidant xenobiotics.     

Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis,Sources, Applications,and Proposed Mechanisms of Action

Bioactive peptides are a group of biological molecules that are normally buried in the structure of parent proteins and become active after the cleavage of the proteins. Another group of peptides is actively produced and found in many microorganisms and the body of organisms. Today, many groups of bioactive peptides have been marketed chemically or recombinantly. This article reviews the various production methods and sources of these important/ubiquitous and useful biomolecules. Their applications, such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant activities, blood-lipid-lowering effect, opioid role, antiobesity, ability to bind minerals, antidiabetic, and antiaging effects, will be explored. The types of pathways proposed for bioactive applications will be in the next part of the article, and at the end, the future perspectives of bioactive peptides will be reviewed. Reading this article is recommended for researchers interested in various fields of physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, and nanotechnology and food industry professionals.