微波段超构表面对电磁波波前的调控研究

文章回顾总结了本课题组近期关于微波段超构表面的研究进展。首先推导了单层超构表面的透射效率极限值,并设计实现了对交叉圆极化电磁波波前的有效人工调控。进一步基于等效滤波器的理论模型,推导了多层超表面的基本结构特性,在此基础上设计了能够分别工作于线极化及圆极化入射波条件下的多层超构透镜,实现了微波涡旋波束的高效激发,以及对正交圆极化的内在对称性进行人为解耦等多重波前调控。经过一系列的仿真分析和实验验证,我们所设计的微波段单层、多层超构表面均可产生符合预期理论设计的调控结果。这些研究进展为电磁波调控器件的平面化提供了有效的理论依据,加快了超构表面在无线通信技术领域的应用和发展。     

Asymmetric Soft-Structure Functional Surface for Intelligent Liquids’ Distinction,Transportation, and Reaction Mixer

Structured surfaces have attracted wide attention because of their great potential in directional transport, liquid collection or separation, microfluidics, etc. However, it remains a big challenge to design a surface that can distinguish various liquids, utilize their inherent properties to control their transportation, and realize functional applications. Herein, it is presented an asymmetric soft-structure functional surface (ASFS) with arrayed curvature units that can make the Laplace pressure as a driving force to determine the preferential spreading direction and show abundant transport behaviors for liquids with different surface tensions. With good deformability, the proposed ASFS can directionally transport liquids along complex terrains, e.g., 1D-tilted, 2D-curved, and 3D-helical trajectories. It is also demonstrated that the ASFS can achieve synchronous or asynchronous liquid mixing by choosing appropriate liquids. Moreover, the intelligent response ability allows the ASFS to be a portable contact angle discriminator. This study proposes a new strategy to manipulate liquids via their intrinsic properties and opens new avenues for application-oriented liquid operation surfaces.     

Manipulating the Light-Matter Interaction of PtS/MoS2 p–n Junctions for High Performance Broadband Photodetection

Due to the limited carrier concentration, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides have lower intrinsic dark current, and thus, are widely studied for high performance room photodetection. However, the light-matter interaction is still unclear, thus tuning the photoexcitation and further manipulating the photodetection is a challenge. Herein, large-area PtS films are synthesized, and the growth mechanism is investigated. It is demonstrated that PtS has an orthorhombic structure and exhibits the p-type semiconducting behavior. Then, MoS₂/PtS p–n heterojunction is fabricated, and its energy diagram is discussed based on the Kelvin probe force microscopy. The contact potential difference is about 160 mV, which is much larger than previous 2D junctions facilitating the charge separation. Furthermore, the phototransistor based on MoS₂/PtS p–n heterojunction is prepared, showing broadband photoresponse from visible to near-infrared. The manipulation of an external field on photoresponse, detectivity, and rise/fall time are explored and discussed. The responsivity can reach up to 25.43 A W⁻¹, and the detectivity is 8.54 × 10¹² Jones. These results indicate that PtS film is a prospective candidate for high-performance optoelectronic devices and broaden the scope of infrared detection materials.     

Calibration of a multi-mobile coil magnetic manipulation system utilizing a control-oriented magnetic model

In this paper, we address the calibration of a family of magnetic manipulation systems composed of several coils that are moved around by serial robot manipulators. We show in this paper that the calibration of the whole system ultimately results in calibrating the manipulator and coil separately up to an unknown rigid transformation. For calibration of the coil, we propose to use a model that has not been used so far in the literature; a control-oriented model which is sufficiently accurate and computes the magnetic field in real time. A protocol for calibrating the magnetic manipulation system using the Nelder–Mead algorithm to estimate the model parameters is presented. Calibration was performed through simulations and validated experimentally on a physical system. It was observed that the root mean square error was reduced by 37% after calibration of the physical system, indicating an improvement in accurately estimating the magnetic model.     

基于光诱导介电泳的微粒自动化操作实验研究

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积方法(PECVD)制备了氢化非晶硅(a-Si∶H)光电导薄膜,并利用双面胶技术封装ODEP芯片。构建了包括光投影模块和视频监控模块的ODEP自动化操作实验平台。以聚苯乙烯微粒为操作对象,进行微米尺度粒子的ODEP自动化操作实验,并深入研究了交流电压、投射光颜色和光电极形状对微粒运动速度的影响。实验结果表明,在交流电压频率和投射光颜色相同的条件下,粒子的运动速度与交流电压的幅值成线性关系,施加的交流电压幅值越大,微粒的运动速度越大。在交流电压的幅值和频率相同的条件下,投射光为白色时,粒子的运动速度最大;投射光为蓝色时,粒子的运动速度最小。当投射光为白光,电压为20V,频率为20kHz时,10μm和20μm聚苯乙烯微粒的最大运动速度分别为143μm/s和158μm/s。     

Superhydrophobic “Pump”: Continuous and Spontaneous Antigravity Water Delivery

Antigravity transportation of water, which is often observed in nature, is becoming a vital demand for advanced devices and new technology. Many studies have been devoted to the motion of a single droplet on a horizontal or inclined substrate under specific assistance. However, the self‐propelled water motion, especially continuous antigravity water delivery, still remains a considerable challenge. Here, a novel self‐ascending phenomenon driven only by the surface energy release of water droplets is found, and a superhydrophobic mesh to pump water up to a height of centimeter scale is designed. An integrated antigravity transportation system is also demonstrated to continuously and spontaneously pump water droplets without additional driving forces. The present novel finding and integrated devices should serve as a source of inspiration for the design of advanced materials and for the development of new technology with exciting applications in microfluidics, microdetectors, and intelligent systems.     

基于SIFT的数字图像盲检测算法研究

针对图像区域的复制-变换-移动-粘贴篡改,建立了相应的篡改模型,提出了基于SIFT标记图特征向量的盲鉴别算法,能够有效地检测并定位经过旋转、缩放变换的篡改区域,而且能够抵抗高斯模糊、高斯白噪声和JPEG重压缩等后处理。与基于传统SIFT特征向量的检测算法相比,该算法对篡改区域的缩放变换具有更高的鲁棒性。     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的量子操控

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）是当前原子分子物理的一个国际前沿课题。自从1995年在激光冷却的基础上实现玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）以后,全世界已有几十个研究小组成功地获得了BEC,并取得了一批引人注目的成果。研究玻色凝聚体的动量操控是超冷量子气体研究的重要研究方向,北京大学研究小组于2004年在实验上获得铷原子玻色凝聚以来,在玻色凝聚体的超辐射散射方面作了一系列研究工作,本文主要介绍该研究组近五年来利用超辐射散射在铷原子玻色凝聚动量操控方面的研究工作。     

Immunoregulation of Macrophages by Controlling Winding and Unwinding of Nanohelical Ligands

Developing materials with the capability of changing their innate features can help to unravel direct interactions between cells and ligand-displaying features. This study demonstrates the grafting of magnetic nanohelices displaying cell-adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) ligand partly to a material surface. These enable nanoscale control of rapid winding (“W”) and unwinding (“UW”) of their nongrafted portion, such as directional changes in nanohelix unwinding (lower, middle, and upper directions) by changing the position of a permanent magnet while keeping the ligand-conjugated nanohelix surface area constant. The unwinding (“UW”) setting cytocompatibility facilitates direct integrin recruitment onto the ligand-conjugated nanohelix to mediate the development of paxillin adhesion assemblies of macrophages that stimulate M2 polarization using glass and silicon substrates for in vitro and in vivo settings, respectively, at a single cell level. Real time and in vivo imaging are demonstrated that nanohelices exhibit reversible unwinding, winding, and unwinding settings, which modulate time-resolved adhesion and polarization of macrophages. It is envisaged that this remote, reversible, and cytocompatible control can help to elucidate molecular-level cell–material interactions that modulate regenerative/anti-inflammatory immune responses to implants.