A model of cerebral cortex formation during fetal development using reaction-diffusion-convection equations with Turing space parameters

The cerebral cortex is a gray lamina formed by bodies of neurons covering the cerebral hemispheres, varying in thickness from 1.25 mm in the occipital lobe to 4 mm in the anterior lobe. The brain's surface is about 30 times greater that of the skull because of its many folds; such folds form the gyri, sulci and fissures and mark out areas having specific functions, divided into five lobes. Convolution formation may vary between individuals and is an important feature of brain formation; such patterns can be mathematically represented as Turing patterns. This article describes how a phenomenological model was developed by describing the formation pattern for the gyri occurring in the cerebral cortex by reaction diffusion equations with Turing space parameters. Numerical examples for simplified geometries of a brain were solved to study pattern formation. The finite element method was used for the numerical solution, in conjunction with the Newton–Raphson method. The numerical examples showed that the model can represent cerebral cortex fold formation and reproduce pathologies related to gyri formation, such as polymicrogyria and lissencephaly.     

Optimal setpoint chasing in dynamic positioning of deep‐water drilling and intervention vessels

Conventional controller designs for dynamic positioning of ships and floating marine structures have so far been based on the principle on automatic positioning in the horizontal‐plane about desired position and heading co‐ordinates defined by the operator. A three degrees‐of‐freedom multivariable controller either of linear or nonlinear type, normally with feedback signals from surge, sway and yaw position and velocities, has been regarded as adequate for the control objective. For floating structures with small waterplane area such as semi‐submersibles, feedback from roll and pitch angular rotation velocity may also be included to avoid thrust‐induced roll and pitch motions that are caused by the hydrodynamic and the geometrical couplings between the horizontal and vertical planes. However, for certain marine operations this control philosophy may not be the most appropriate approach ensuring safety and cost effectiveness. For drilling and work‐over operations the main positioning objective is to minimize the bending stresses along the riser and the riser angle magnitudes at the well head on the subsea structure, and at the top joint as well. A positioning control strategy solely based on manual setting of the desired position co‐ordinates may not be the most optimal solution for these applications. In this paper a new hybrid dynamic positioning controller, that also accounts for riser angle offsets and bending stresses is proposed. It is shown that a significant reduction in riser angle magnitude can be achieved. Simulations with a drilling semi‐submersible demonstrate the effect of the proposed control strategy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

力敏传感器芯片设计分析

较详细地分析了影响半导体力敏传感器性能的因素;介绍了圆膜片、片方膜、短形膜片上芯片的最佳设计方法．对研制开发新型的力敏传感器有一定的指导意义．     

On the probability theory on MV algebras

 The paper contains a review of some results concerning probability theory on MV algebras (laws of large numbers, central limit theorem, martingale convergence theorem). Also some algebraic and methodical aspects are discussed.     

岩石裂隙的法向蠕变及渗流的影响

法向蠕变是岩石裂隙的重要力学性质之一．通过分析岩石裂隙法向蠕变机理、进行干燥及渗流情况下岩石裂隙法向蠕变试验,探讨了岩石裂隙的法向蠕变及渗流的影响．研究表明,对于粗糙岩石裂隙来说,瞬时有效应力总等于裂隙凸起的压缩强度,因而初始法向蠕变明显,而后随接触面增加,蠕变速率逐渐降低;渗流过程中,岩石裂隙法向蠕变更加明显,且初次加栽应力水平下岩石裂隙法向蠕变远大于后续加载应力水平;岩石裂隙法向蠕变不能决定岩石裂隙渗流能力的降低,水力冲蚀作用明显时,可能产生裂隙渗流能力随裂隙法向压缩而增大的情况;岩石裂隙的蠕变闭合与岩石裂隙面粗糙度有关,粗糙度越大,岩石裂隙蠕变闭合量越大．研究结果对岩石裂隙法向蠕变的数值模拟及工程实践有一定参考价值．     

基于复杂性测度的变矩器流场仿真湍流模型稳健性分析

为研究液力变矩器流场仿真常用湍流模型的稳健性问题,对基于ANSYS/CFX的某液力变矩器流场仿真系统,分别采用15种湍流模型进行抽样计算。并基于蒙特卡罗法,对系统输入变量进行服从正态分布的微小扰动,分别在低速和高速两种计算工况下,对每种湍流模型进行200次抽样。基于复杂性测度理论,将获得的输入输出数据进行了复杂性分析,在此基础上,对仿真系统拓扑结构稳健性和输出变量的稳健性进行了计算,并给出了各种湍流模型稳健性的定量指标。分析结果表明:在变矩器流场性能仿真中,剪应力输运模型的综合稳健性最好。     

基于机械导纳理论的方钢结构减振特性

应用机械导纳理论,推导了布设方钢的无限板在点激励作用下的振动响应方程,通过数值计算研究了不同的方钢布设方式对减振效果的影响。结果表明,单级方钢或多级平行方钢平板结构目标区的振动级落差随距振源距离的增大逐渐减小,远离振源靠近对称轴附近的目标区的振动有所放大;不平行方钢改变了平板振动对称分布的特性,改变方钢的不平行度可提高减振效果。     

接近亏损系统模态灵敏度分析的有效算法

为求解振动系统特征问题的灵敏度分析,建立了快速计算状态向量导数的方法。该方法利用广义模态理论,将接近亏损系统的灵敏度分析转化为亏损系统的灵敏度分析问题来处理,并且在组合近似方法的基础上,引入松弛因子保证了系数矩阵的非奇异性,从而提供了接近亏损系统灵敏度分析的理论和方法。数值算例证明了算法的有效性。     

高职院校汽车维修专业力学教学改革与实践

针对高职教育的特点,对高职汽车维修专业力学教学进行了一系列改革,通过合理整合优化教学内容,将力学教学与汽车机械结构有机融合,使教学内容与汽车机械维修工作实际联系更加紧密。教学实践表明,力学教学改革不仅极大地提高了学生的学习积极性,强化了学生的职业能力培养,还对后续专业课程的学习起到了有力支撑作用,教学效果良好。