Effect of High‐Energy Ball Milling on Mechanical Properties of the Mg–Nb Composites Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy Process

New biocompatible and biodegradable Mg–Nb composites used as bone implant materials are fabricated through powder metallurgy process. Mg–Nb mixture powders are prepared through mechanical milling and manual mixing. Then, the Mg–Nb composites are fabricated through cold press and sintering processes. The effect of mechanical milling and Nb particles as reinforcements on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg–Nb composites are investigated. The mechanical milling process is found to be effective in reducing the size of Mg and Nb particles, distributing the Nb particles uniformly in the Mg matrix and obtaining Mg–Nb composite particles. The Mg–Nb composite particles can be bound together firmly during the sintering process, result in Mg–Nb composite structures with no intermetallic formation, lower porosity, and higher mechanical properties compared to composites prepared through manual mixing. Interestingly, the mechanical properties of manually mixed Mg–Nb composites appear to be even lower than that of pure Mg.

     

泡沫钢的制备及压缩吸能特性

为制备高强轻质泡沫钢吸能材料,本文以430L不锈钢粉为原料、CaCl₂为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金烧结-溶解法制备了孔隙率为64%~80%,孔径1~4 mm的泡沫钢.利用SEM和XRD对试样进行微观组织结构分析,并对试样进行轴向准静态压缩测试,分析讨论了孔隙率和孔形对泡沫钢压缩变形行为和吸能特性的影响,以及变形过程中孔结构变形和坍塌机理.研究表明：泡沫钢孔结构呈近球形且分布均匀,孔之间通过孔壁上的微孔形成有效连通.在压缩变形过程中,变形区首先发生在孔形不规则且孔壁较薄处,后诱发周围孔变形并形成多个变形带.泡沫钢试样压缩屈服平台应力随着孔隙率的增加而减小,当孔隙率为64.81%~78.82%时,其对应的屈服平台应力为59.37~17.04 MPa.在孔隙率相同的条件下,孔形为近球形的泡沫试样,其屈服平台应力远高于孔形不规则的试样.当应变量为40%时,孔隙率为64.81%~78.82%的泡沫钢,其单位体积的能量吸收值为23.92~7.32 MJ/m³,约为泡沫铝的5~7倍.4种不同孔隙率泡沫钢样品的理想吸能效率(I)均达0.85以上,表明泡沫钢可以作为一种理想的吸能材料.     

Effect of uncoated and coated diamond on the compressive properties of porous aluminium composites

Porous aluminium composites are structural and functional materials that have vast potential, due to their lightweight and high energy absorption capacity, especially in automotive and aerospace applications. In this study, the effect of varying content of uncoated and titanium coated diamond particles on the compressive properties of porous aluminium composite was investigated. The composites were developed using powder metallurgy technique and porosity was attained by using polymethylmethacrylate (30 wt.%) as space holder material. The morphology of the pores was found to replicate the shape and size of polymethylmethacrylate particles, that were uniformly distributed in the composites. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed formation of aluminium carbide in uncoated diamond-based aluminium composites while negligible amount was present in titanium coated porous composites during sintering. The porosities of composites decreased with an increase in diamond content due to the incomplete decomposition of polymethylmethacrylate particles. Moreover, the maximum plateau stress and energy absorption capacity of 9.96 MPa and 1.7 Mj/m³ were obtained for the composites with 8 wt.% of titanium coated diamond particles. Thus, coating inhibits the formation of undesirable compounds and contributes to better interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement.     

莱钢铁路运输信息自动化的应用与发展

计算机和网络技术的持续发展、软硬件技术的不断进步和更新,使信息化、工业化的融合成为发展的必然,为冶金运输组织带来了深刻变化和广阔的应用前景,提高了冶金运输的经济效益.文中阐述了莱钢铁路运输信息化系统结构,分析了莱钢铁路运输信息自动化的应用及效果,对信息自动化在莱钢铁路运输领域的发展方向和推广应用进行了探讨.     

粉末冶金法制备Al—12％CuO系原位铝基复合材料的组织和性能

为了制备组织均匀、压缩性能良好的原位纳米颗粒增强铝基复合材料,本文以微米级纯铝粉和氧化铜粉为原料,用改进的高能球磨＋粉末冶金技术制备了原位增强铝基复合材料,研究了所制备的铝基复合材料的显微组织和密度、压缩强度等性能与制备工艺的关系．研究发现：高能球磨480r／min,16h＋单向模压热压烧结620℃,100MPa,1h,获得纳米级CuAlO2原位增强的铝基复合材料,在铝基体中均匀分布大量尺寸约1μm的CuAl2相．热压工艺对所制备的铝基复合材料的压缩强度有显著影响,620℃,100MPa单向模压复合材料的压缩强度为843．6MPa,而双向加压材料的压缩强度提高到950MPa;当单向压力提高到150MPa时,原位铝基复合材料的压缩强度进一步提高到1090MPa．     

科技英语翻译中逻辑方法的运用——以冶金专业英语为例

在逻辑论的指导下,结合冶金专业英语翻译实例,讨论了分析与综合、归纳与演绎、抽象与具体及历史与逻辑相统一等翻译方法。为翻译工作者处理具体语言问题提供一种思维方式,给翻译工作者提高翻译技巧提供借鉴。     

Improving corrosion resistance of Q235 steel by Ni-Cr alloyed layer

Ni-Cr alloyed layer was formed on surface of Q235 steel by double glow plasma surface metallurgy to improve the corrosion resistance of substrate. The composition and microstructure of alloyed layer was analyzed by SEM and XRD. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the alloyed layer. The results showed working pressure had a great effect on structure of Ni-Cr alloyed layer, and the dense and smooth alloyed layer was prepared at 50 Pa working pressure. Compared with substrate, Ni-Cr alloyed layer exhibited higher corrosion potential, lower corrosion current density and larger charge transfer resistance, which indicated that Ni-Cr alloyed layer significantly modified the corrosion resistance of Q235 steel.     

SEM in-situ investigation on fatigue cracking behavior of P/M Rene95 alloy with surface inclusions

The low-cycle fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy Rene95 alloy containing surface inclusions was investigated by in-situ observation with scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The process of fatigue crack initiation and early stage of propagation behavior indicates that fatigue crack mainly occurs at the interface between the inclusion and the matrix. The effect of inclusion on the fatigue crack initiation and the early stage of crack growth was very obvious. The fatigue crack growth path in the matrix is similar to the shape of inclusion made on the basis of fatigue fracture image analysis. The empiric relation between the surface and inside crack growth length, near a surface inclusion, can be expressed. Therefore, the fatigue crack growth rate or life of P/M Rene95 alloy including the inclusions can be evaluated on the basis of the measurable surface crack length parameter. In addition, the effect of two inclusions on the fatigue crack initiation behavior was investigated by the in-situ observation with SEM.