四氢萘微观结构的量子化学研究

为了研究氢化芳烃的微观结构,进一步认识和理解氢化芳烃在催化裂化过程中的反应特性。以四氢萘为模型化合物,利用基于密度泛函理论的量子化学从头计算方法,对四氢萘的几何结构和电子结构进行了系统研究,得到了四氢萘不同位置C-H键和C-C键的键长、键级、键能以及电子云密度、前线轨道分布等微观结构信息。发现四氢萘结构具有轴对称特性,苯环上的C-C键和C-H键要远比环烷环的C-C键和C-H键稳定。由于受苯环的影响,会使得其环烷环上不同位置的C-C键的键长、键级和键能均具有明显差异,也导致环烷环上不同位置C-H键的键长、键级和键能有较明显的差异,具体表现为:对C-C键而言,与苯环相连的C-C键的键长较短,键级较高,键能也明显较高,而苯环β位C-C键的键能则明显较低;对C-H键而言,与苯环β位环烷碳原子上的C-H键相比,苯环α位环烷碳原子上的C-H键的键能明显较低。电子云分布计算结果能够较好地给出的这些C-C键和C-H键结构特征差异的原因。前线轨道计算结果表明,在催化裂化过程中,苯环α位环烷碳原子上的C-H键和β位C-C键较易受到催化剂酸性中心的进攻,是酸催化反应的位点。这些计算结果对于认识与理解氢化芳烃的反应特性具有一定的基础性理论意义。     

钢筋混凝土裂缝机理与控制措施

钢筋混凝土裂缝分析与控制,全文共4部分:1、裂缝是不可避免而又可以尽量减轻的自然灾害;2、收缩裂缝分析及控制;3、温度收缩裂缝分析及控制;4、裂缝控制的综合技术措施。较全面地论述了钢筋混凝土裂缝机理及控制措施,文末附有100多篇参考文献。     

CrNi3MoVA钢表面电火花沉积Cr的试验研究

利用俄SE-5.01振动式电火花表面强化机在CrN i3MoVA钢表面电火花沉积Cr,研究了强化层厚度和工艺参数的关系,结果表明,合理的选择电火花脉冲能量、氩气保护分压、强化时间,能够控制强化层厚度,提高强化层质量.     

渐硬恢复力型Duffing方程的精确解法

针对非线性振动分析中常见的渐硬恢复力型Duffing方程,首先建立了满足方程及初始条件的算子,运用相应的不动点理论,证明该算子在连续函数空间上有唯一不动点并可用迭代法求出.然后给出了该方程的精确解答及其迭代格式,并给出了对应的程序计算流程图.文末给出了该方法与Lindstedt-Poincaré(L-P)法计算结果.结果表明,该解答的不仅是正确的,而且迭代格式非常简洁,便于编程求解.此外,该方法可以应用于其他非线性系统Duffing方程的求解.     

低温沉积陶瓷涂层技术的研究进展

对当前低温沉积陶瓷涂层的技术进行了综述,包括液相沉积法、溶胶-凝胶法等,并分析了各种低温沉积技术的优缺点,展望了低温沉积技术的发展前景.     

金属注射成形冷作工具钢的超声疲劳性能

用超声疲劳试验研究了金属注射成形(MIM)冷作工具钢和锻轧钢(JIS SKD11)的高周疲劳性能。锻轧钢试样于423K回火1h。另一方面，为了评估回火温度对疲劳性能的影响，将MIM钢试样于不同温度下进行了回火。在N=103～108疲劳寿命范围内进行了超声疲劳试验。MIM钢试样的疲劳强度和锻轧钢试样相同。MIM钢试样的疲劳强度随着回火温度升高而减低。显微组织的观察结果表明，MIM钢试样的碳化物的直径与形状比锻轧钢试样的均一。     

Construction of Constitutive Relationships of the Deformation Theory for Simple in Noll's Sense Hardening Materials with Elastoplastic Behavior

Based on the theory of simple hardening materials with elastoplastic behavior, the general constitutive relationships of the deformation theory of plasticity are mathematically strictly constructed for arbitrary continuous, piece-wise continuously differentiable deformation trajectories, any strains and symmetry types of the material properties. Two conditions under which this is possible are considered. The approaches to a strict specialization of general constitutive relationships of the deformation theory of plasticity have been developed by imposing restrictions on the material strains, deformation processes and properties. In this case, the restrictions on the properties of materials formalize the data obtained in the experimental investigations. A series of both new and known constitutive relationships have been constructed that are arranged into a hierarchy according to the level of complexity of the response to deformation. The area of applicability of the derived physical equations has been defined. Special attention has been given to the modeling of finite and infinitesimal strains of isotropic materials. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 6, pp. 35 – 49, November – December, 2005.     

Influence of Silicon Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Piston Alloys

In this paper, the influence of silicon particle morphology on mechanical properties of two piston alloys has been reported. Alloys having nominal composition Al-12%Si-1%Ni-0.8%Cu-0.6%Mg (LM13) and Al-17%Si-1%Ni-0.8%Cu-0.6%Mg (LM28) were prepared by melting and casting. The morphology of silicon crystals was changed using additives during the melt treatment and subsequently by heat treatment. Mechanical properties such as hardness, ductility, and tensile strength of experimental alloys were tested. Test results showed that the melt treatment and heat treatment of both the alloys increased the tensile strength, hardness, and ductility. However, the influence of melt treatment on mechanical properties was not as significant as that of heat treatment. Tensile strength and ductility of LM13 was found to be higher than the LM28 alloy under similar conditions. Hardness of LM28 was higher than the LM13 alloy. Optical and SEM studies showed a change in eutectic silicon morphology on melt treatment of LM13. However, change in morphology of primary silicon particles was not significant as for LM28. Heat treatment of both alloys caused spheroidization and better distribution of eutectic silicon crystals. Sharp-edged primary silicon particles were rounded off after the heat treatment of LM28. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of tensile fractured surfaces was carried out to study the influence of microstructure on fracture mode. Heat treatment of both alloys promotes dimple fracture. However, as-cast and melt-treated alloys show predominantly cleavage fracture.     

瓦楞辊中频感应淬火热裂的有限元分析

用有限元方法建立了瓦楞辊中频感应淬火模型，分析了瓦楞辊各参数变化时对热应力分布的影响，探讨了热处理过程中楞齿变形及热裂的原因。     

交变载荷下孔边局部应力应变分析

用弹塑性有限元法研究了中心带孔板在交变载荷作用下孔边的应力应变分布及其随循环次数变化的规律，其中考虑了材料的非线性和交变载荷下的瞬态σ－ε关系。通过对ＬＹ１２－ＣＺ材料的数值分析，表明在孔边存在循环硬化现象。找出了应变增量随循环次数变化的基本规律，且数值分析和实验测量结果吻合较好。提供的分析方法将有助于提高疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的估算精度。