考虑黏土土性参数与支护压力变异性的盾构掌子面稳定性分析

盾构掌子面稳定性的不确定性分析多侧重于土性参数的变异性,较少考虑支护压力的变异性。基于K-L级数分解法建立描述土性参数空间变异性的三维随机场,研究土性参数变异性对掌子面失稳模式、极限支护应力的影响规律,讨论支护压力的均值与变异系数对失效概率的影响,并据此确定支护压力均值特征值。结果表明：黏性土黏聚力与内摩擦角的空间变异性对掌子面稳定性有重要影响,其中内摩擦角的影响更甚;掌子面失稳模式与随机场局部分布密切相关,当掌子面前方随机场较分散时,可能发生局部破坏;掌子面的失效概率与支护压力的均值和变异系数密切相关,支护压力的均值越大,变异系数越小,失效概率越小;提出了掌子面支护压力均值特征值的概念,并结合失效概率给出了确定方法。     

土坝坝坡抗滑稳定分项系数方法：理论和标定

基于可靠度理论的设计方法可在一定程度上考虑计算参数的变异特性和不确定性,在此基础上建立的以概率极限状态为基础的分项系数法可在实际工程中提供简便、有效的设计方法。本文在现行规范的基础上,结合可靠度分析方法和历史经验模型的检验,对土石坝坝坡抗滑稳定分项系数设计方法的原理和分项系数的取值进行了较为全面的阐述。结果表明：土石坝筑坝材料的黏聚力和摩擦系数的分项系数γc和γf宜分别取1.20和1.10。结构安全级别为Ⅰ级（1级土石坝）、Ⅱ级（2、3级土石坝）和Ⅲ级（4、5级土石坝）建筑物的结构重要性系数γ0分别取1.10、1.05和1.0;鉴于特高坝的特殊性,特高坝结构系数γd取1.30 ~ 1.35。结合我国已建的15座土石坝,验证了上述安全控制指标的合理性,本研究成果可为规范的修订和完善提供参考。     

考虑寄生参数的隔离型双有源桥DC-DC变换器的开关开路故障分析与容错控制策略

双有源桥(DAB)DC-DC变换器开关管的驱动电路故障导致开关开路故障(OCSF),这使得DAB系统拓扑对称性缺失、高频电压和电流发生畸变和直流偏置,进而对系统的可靠性和长期运行稳定性造成不良影响.对此,研究DAB开关管和高频变压器寄生参数对OCSF后系统运行状态的影响,以完善DAB故障分析体系.针对OCSF问题,提出一种基于对称拓扑和对偶原理的故障容错策略,通过闭锁开关使系统运行拓扑恢复对称,并在此基础上提出一种不改变控制器参数、只需改变控制器输出饱和参数的实用控制方法,并在理论上讨论了该方法的可行性.最后,通过实验验证了OCSF模态分析及所提容错控制策略的正确性.     

A Methionine Chemical Shift Based Order Parameter Characterizing Global Protein Dynamics

Coupling of side chain dynamics over long distances is an important component of allostery. Methionine side chains show the largest intrinsic flexibility among methyl-containing residues but the actual degree of conformational averaging depends on the proximity and mobility of neighboring residues. The ¹³C NMR chemical shifts of the methyl groups of methionine residues located at long distances in the same protein show a similar scaling with respect to the values predicted from the static X-ray structure by quantum methods. This results in a good linear correlation between calculated and observed chemical shifts. The slope is protein dependent and ranges from zero for the highly flexible calmodulin to 0.7 for the much more rigid calcineurin catalytic domain. The linear correlation is indicative of a similar level of side-chain conformational averaging over long distances, and the slope of the correlation line can be interpreted as an order parameter of the global side-chain flexibility.     

考虑特征瞬变的导线微风振动在线监测及预警技术

针对现有导线振动监测以秒平均振幅和秒平均频率衡量导线微风振动程度带来的误差,提出了一种考虑振动特征瞬变的导线微风振动在线监测及预警技术。根据压电材料的正压电效应设计一种振动监测传感器,测量距悬垂线夹89 mm处的加速度时程曲线。以获得瞬时幅值和瞬时频率为目标,采用经验模态分解（empirical mode decomposition, EMD）结合相关性判断得到符合原始信号振动机制的特征模态函数（intrinsic mode function, IMF）,经希尔伯特变换（hilbert transform, HT）提取瞬时参数,并利用瞬时幅值和瞬时频率计算导线对应动弯应力下各单元损伤参数,通过数值方法证明其有效性。经振动台试验对比分析,导线在有效损伤频段0~60 Hz内,该方法得出的各项疲劳损伤参数与计算值的吻合度均在86.77%以上,且主要疲劳损伤参数最大试验误差为8.02%,平均试验误差为0.92%,说明该方法可以作为振动导线疲劳寿命预警的有效依据。     

Effect of deposition conditions on the properties and annealing behavior of cold-sprayed copper

The deposition of copper by cold gas dynamic spraying has attracted much interest in recent years due to the capability to deposit low-porosity oxide-free coatings. However, it is generally found that as-deposited copper has a signicantly greater hardness, and potentially lower ductility, than bulk material. In this article, copper was deposited by cold spraying using helium as the driving gas at both 298 and 523 K. Evidence is presented indicating that the material sprayed at the lower temperature exhibits a lower dislocation density throughout the grain structure than the material sprayed at the higher temperature. The low stacking fault energy of copper restricts recovery during annealing, and thus microstructural changes during annealing only proceed once recrystallization begins. The material sprayed at low temperature (with the low dislocation density) exhibited recrystallization at annealing temperatures as low as 373 K with a corresponding reduction in hardness. However, the copper sprayed with helium at 523 K was resistant to annealing at temperatures up to 473 K where the dislocations in the structure prevented recrystallization. However, at higher temperatures, recrystallization did proceed (with corresponding reductions in hardness). The fracture behavior of the copper that was cold sprayed with helium at 523 K, both in the as-sprayed condition and following annealing, was measured and explained in terms of the annealing mechanisms proposed. The original version of this paper was published in the CD ROM Thermal Spray Connects: Explore Its Surfacing Potential, International Thermal Spray Conference, sponsored by DVS, ASM International, and HW International Institute of Welding, Basel, Switzerland, May 2–4, 2005, DVS-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.     

解析参数对活性焦再生过程及再生效果的影响

 活性焦的热解析参数对再生活性焦的脱硫脱硝性能和机械强度至关重要。为了明确解析参数对活性焦再生过程和再生效果的影响规律,通过热解析试验探究活性焦硫残余比例、CO₂和CO生成量及再生活性焦脱硫脱硝性能随解析温度和解析时间的变化规律,继而明确适宜的活性焦热解析参数。结果表明,活性焦升温解析过程中,脱硫产物在317 ℃左右迅速分解,随后分解速率下降;在进入恒温解析阶段后脱硫产物分解速率先快速下降,而后进入缓慢解析状态。硫残余比例随恒温解析温度的升高而下降,在530 ℃下解析3 h可使脱硫产物完全解析;解析温度高于430 ℃后,活性焦表面的酚基、醌基、内酯基等含氧官能团分解量明显增加,并随恒温解析温度的升高而持续增加,分解所生成的CO和CO₂也随之大幅增加,这将使活性焦的孔隙结构进一步发展,继而不利于活性焦机械强度的保持;解析温度低于530 ℃时,硫残余比例随解析温度的升高而持续降低,使再生活性焦的脱硫脱硝性能持续提高;解析温度高于530 ℃后,含氧官能团分解量随解析温度的升高而持续增加,这将有利于提高活性焦表面SO₂氧化反应速率,继而使再生活性焦的脱硫性能持续升高,但酚基、内酯基等酸性含氧官能团的分解使再生活性焦对NH₃的吸附性能降低,进而使其脱硝性能降低。在兼顾再生活性焦脱硫脱硝性能、机械强度和生产效率等多方面因素时,430 ℃恒温解析3 h是相对较优的解析参数。在此解析条件下,再生活性焦的硫残余比例仅为1.8%,含氧官能团尚未发生大量分解,脱硫脱硝性能相对较为优良。     

平板类气体辅助注射成型产品的CAE模拟研究

通过建立具有代表性的平板类气体辅助注射成型产品模型,借助注塑成型CAE软件Moldflow对该模型进行了一系列分析模拟。通过对模拟结果数据的综合分析和数学处理,得到了气体注射参数对气道穿透长度的影响规律、气体注射参数设置及气道穿透长度预测公式。     

Enhanced oxidation of the 9%Cr steel P91 in water vapour containing environments

The short term (∼100 h) oxidation behaviour of the 9%Cr steel P91 was studied at 650 °C in N₂-O₂-H₂O gas mixtures containing a relatively low oxygen level of 1%. The oxidation kinetics were measured thermogravimetrically and the oxide scale growth mechanisms were studied using H₂¹⁸O-tracer with subsequent analyses of oxide scale composition and tracer distribution by MCs⁺-SIMS depth profiling. The corrosion products were additionally characterised by light optical microscopy, SEM-EDX and XRD. It was found that the transition from protective, Cr-rich oxide formation into non-protective mixed oxide scales is governed by the ratio H₂O^(g)/O₂ ratio rather than the absolute level of H₂O^(g). The results of the tracer studies in combination with the data obtained from experiments involving in situ gas changes clearly illustrated that under the prevailing conditions the penetration of water vapour molecules triggers the enhanced oxidation and sustains the high growth rates of the poorly protective Fe-rich oxide scale formed in atmospheres with high H₂O^(g)/O₂ ratios. The experimental observations can be explained if one assumes the scale growth to be governed by a competitive adsorption of oxygen and water vapour molecules on external and internal surfaces of the oxide scales in combination with the formation of a volatile Fe-hydroxide during transient oxidation. The formation of the non-protective Fe-rich oxide scales is suppressed in atmospheres with low H₂O^(g)/O₂ -ratios, and the healing of any such scale is promoted.     

工艺参数对微区沉淀法制备纳米MgAl2O4粉体的影响

采用高分子网络微区沉淀法制备纳米镁铝尖晶石（MgAl2O4）粉体，并采用TGA／DTA、XRD和TEM等分析测试技术对前驱体的热分解和所制得粉体的物相组成、形貌及颗粒尺寸进行表征，结果表明所制得的MgAl2O4粉体颗粒粒径小，结晶良好，成分单一且粒径大小均匀。而实验过程中工艺参数的改变会对生成粉体的粒径和形貌产生一定的影响，进而即研究了各种工艺参数的改变对该方法制备纳米MgAl2O4粉体的影响。