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111.
    
The objective of this study was the evaluation of different fibres (bamboo, acacia, potato or citrus) addition on texture, rheological and sensory properties of acid casein processed cheese sauces. Fibres used in production of sauces had an impact on the texture, viscosity, viscoelastic and sensory properties. The largest increase in viscosity was observed in products with addition of potato fibre, which have good water holding and adsorption capacity. Processed cheese sauce with the addition of citrus fibre was characterised by the highest values in general, and the increase of this feature in the tested samples was regular. Adhesiveness was the highest in products with 1% addition of every fibre. The lowest values of viscosity single shear, G′ and G″ moduli, among all tested, had sauces with acacia fibre. Moreover, they had the most thin liquid consistency, which was different from preferred one.  相似文献   
112.
    
Through the use of solution‐based materials, the field of printed organic electronics has not only made new devices accessible, but also allows the process of manufacture to move toward a high throughput industrial scale. However, while solution‐based active layer materials in these systems have been studied quite intensely, the printed electrodes and specifically the transparent conductive anode have only relatively recently been investigated. In this progress report, the use of metal nanoparticles within printed organic electronic devices is highlighted, specifically their use as replacement of the commonly used indium tin oxide transparent conductive electrode within organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). A cross fertilization between the applications is expected since an OPV device is essentially an inversely operated OLED. This report aims to highlight the use of inkjet‐printed nanoparticles as cost‐effective electrodes for printed optoelectronic applications and discusses methods to improve the conductive and interfacial properties. Finally, in an outlook, the use of these types of metal nanoparticle inks to manipulate light management properties, such as outcoupling, in the device is investigated.  相似文献   
113.
近年来我国结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率逐年上升。据研究,结直肠癌发生率的升高可能与红肉及加工肉制品消费的增长具有一定相关性,但该关联性一直存在争议。为此,本文分析了现阶段研究红肉及加工肉制品与结直肠癌相关性的方法及其局限性,并综述了与红肉及加工肉制品相关的潜在结直肠癌致病因素,为确定结直肠癌及其他癌症与红肉及加工肉制品之间的关系提供了新的思路。  相似文献   
114.
115.
    
Due to their low cost and ease of integration, solution‐processed lateral photodetectors (PDs) are becoming an important device type among the PD family. In recent years, enormous effort has been devoted to improving their performances, and great achievements have been made. A summary of the core progress, especially from the perspective of design principles and device physics, is necessary to further the development of the field, but is currently lacking. Here, to address this need, first, the working mechanism of PDs and the device figures‐of‐merit are introduced. Second, by classifying the active materials into four categories, including inorganic, organic, hybrid, and perovskite, the developed strategies toward high performance are discussed respectively. To close, the common physical rules behind all these strategies are generalized, and suggestions for future development are given accordingly.  相似文献   
116.
    
Managing the interference effects from thin (multi‐)layers allows for the control of the optical transmittance/reflectance of widely used and technologically significant structures such as antireflection coatings (ARCs) and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). These rely on the destructive/constructive interference between incident, reflected, and transmitted radiation. While known for over a century and having been extremely well investigated, the emergence of printable and large‐area electronics brings a new emphasis: the development of materials capable of transferring well‐established ideas to a solution‐based production. Here, demonstrated is the solution‐fabrication of ARCs and DBRs utilizing alternating layers of commodity plastics and recently developed organic/inorganic hybrid materials comprised of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAl), cross‐linked with titanium oxide hydrates. Dip‐coated ARCs exhibit an 88% reduction in reflectance across the visible compared to uncoated glass, and fully solution‐coated DBRs provide a reflection of >99% across a 100 nm spectral band in the visible region. Detailed comparisons with transfermatrix methods (TMM) highlight their excellent optical quality including extremely low optical losses. Beneficially, when exposed to elevated temperatures, the hybrid material can display a notable, reproducible, and irreversible change in refractive index and film thickness while maintaining excellent optical performance allowing postdeposition tuning, e.g., for thermo‐responsive applications, including security features and product‐storage environment monitoring.  相似文献   
117.
    
Low‐cost solution‐processed CdTe nanocrystal (NC) solar cells always suffer from a high interface energy barrier and unbalanced hole/electron transport as well as anisotropic atom diffusion on the CdTe surface due to the limited amount of hole/electron interface materials or the difficulty in interface processing. In this work, a novel strategy is first adopted with gradient electron transport layer (CdS/CdSe) modification in the cathode and a new crosslinkable hole transport polymer (P‐TPA) implantation in the anode. The carrier recombination at interfaces is greatly decreased and thus the carrier collection is increased. Moreover, the light harvesting is improved both in short and long wavelength regions, making Jsc and Voc increase simultaneously. A champion solar cell shows a very high power conversion efficiency of 9.2% and an outstanding Jsc of 25.31 mA cm?2, which are among the highest values for all solution‐processed CdTe NC solar cells with a superstrate structure, and the latter value is even higher than that of traditional thick CdTe thin‐film solar cells (2 µm) via the high temperature close space sublimation method. This work demonstrates that facile surface modifications in both the cathode and anode with stepped extraction and organic–inorganic hybridization are very promising in constructing next‐generation highly efficient NC photovoltaic devices.  相似文献   
118.
    
Molecular doping is an effective method to enhance the charge carrier density for reducing the contact resistance and improving the charge mobility in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Previous reports mainly focus on the strong dopants with the EAdopant > IEOSC (p‐type) or IEdopant < EAOSC (n‐type) to enable the efficient charge transfer (EA: electron affinity; IE: ionization energy; OSC: organic semiconductor). However, the effects of weak dopants on the OFET performance of OSC are rarely investigated. Thus, in this study, it is demonstrated that two new fluorinated compounds (Tetrafluorophthalonitrile (TFP) and Octafluoronaphthalene (OFN)) can act as weak dopants in thin film of TIPS‐Pentacene (TIPS). Although they exhibit unmatched EAs (3.45 eV for TFP and 3.44 eV for OFN) compared to the IE (5.17 eV) of the host TIPS, they still can fulfill the p‐type doping with the OSC matrix. Systematic structural and electrical characterization reveals the important role of the formed charge‐transfer interaction and the improved crystallinity in enhancing the carrier mobility. The doped poly(3‐hexylthiophene) is also investigated to confirm the universality of the weak dopants. The study should provide a new thought for the exploitation of novel planar soluble weak dopants in OFETs.  相似文献   
119.
    
Coplanar amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐InGaZnO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with photopatternable ionic polymer gate dielectrics are fabricated and their inverter/shift register circuits are demonstrated. As a gate dielectric, ionic‐polyurethane acrylate (i‐PUA) can be patterned as small as 20 µm through conventional photolithography to achieve superior electrical properties at low operating voltages by the electric double layer formation, inducing ultrahigh channel capacitance. The fabricated solution‐processed a‐InGaZnO TFT with the i‐PUA gate dielectric shows excellent electrical characteristics such as a field‐effect mobility of 11.6 cm2 V−1 s−1, on–off ratio exceeding 107, and low threshold voltage of 0.3 V. It is also confirmed that the inverter and shift register can be fabricated based on the proposed coplanar a‐InGaZnO TFTs and are successfully functional even at 60 Hz operating frequency with driving voltage levels below 3 V.  相似文献   
120.
水产品中氯霉素检测条件的优化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的建立液相色谱串联质谱法测定加工水产品中的氯霉素,并对提取溶剂、净化条件、流动相进行了优化。方法样品采用乙酸乙酯提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化,C_(18)色谱柱分离,ESI源负离子模式对氯霉素进行检测。结果氯霉素在0.1~10μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999,在基质样品中添加0.1、0.2和10.0μg/kg 3个水平药物,其回收率在95.0%~103.2%之间,相对标准偏差3.72%~6.85%,方法检测限为0.1μg/kg.结论该方法可靠、稳定,可满足加工水产品中氯霉素残留检测与确证需要。  相似文献   
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