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31.
32.
Kyongjun Kim Siyun Park Jong‐Baek Seon Keon‐Hee Lim Kookheon Char Kyusoon Shin Youn Sang Kim 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(18):3546-3553
Flexible transparent thin‐film transistors (TTFTs) have emerged as next‐generation transistors because of their applicability in transparent electronic devices. In particular, the major driving force behind solution‐processed zinc oxide film research is its prospective use in printing for electronics. Since the patterning that prevents current leakage and crosstalk noise is essential to fabricate TTFTs, the need for sophisticated patterning methods is critical. In patterning solution‐processed ZnO thin films, several points require careful consideration. In general, as these thin films have a porous structure, conventional patterning based on photolithography causes loss of film performance. In addition, as controlling the drying process is very subtle and cumbersome, it is difficult to fabricate ZnO semiconductor films with robust fidelity through selective printing or patterning. Therefore, we have developed a simple selective patterning method using a substrate pre‐patterned through bond breakage of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), as well as a new developing method using a toluene–methanol mixture as a binary solvent mixture. 相似文献
33.
Kirill Zilberberg Sara Trost Jens Meyer Antoine Kahn Andreas Behrendt Dirk Lützenkirchen‐Hecht Ronald Frahm Thomas Riedl 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(24):4776-4783
For large‐scale and high‐throughput production of organic solar cells (OSCs), liquid processing of the functional layers is desired. We demonstrate inverted bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) with a sol–gel derived V2O5 hole‐extraction‐layer on top of the active organic layer. The V2O5 layers are prepared in ambient air using Vanadium(V)‐oxitriisopropoxide as precursor. Without any post‐annealing or plasma treatment, a high work function of the V2O5 layers is confirmed by both Kelvin probe analysis and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Using UPS and inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (IPES), we show that the electronic structure of the solution processed V2O5 layers is similar to that of thermally evaporated V2O5 layers which have been exposed to ambient air. Optimization of the sol gel process leads to inverted OSCs with solution based V2O5 layers that show power conversion efficiencies similar to that of control devices with V2O5 layers prepared in high‐vacuum. 相似文献
34.
Organic Electronics: Facile Photo‐Crosslinking of Azide‐Containing Hole‐Transporting Polymers for Highly Efficient,Solution‐Processed,Multilayer Organic Light Emitting Devices (Adv. Funct. Mater. 48/2014) 下载免费PDF全文
Junwoo Park Changyeon Lee Jihye Jung Hyunbum Kang Ki‐Hyun Kim Biwu Ma Bumjoon J. Kim 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(48):7776-7776
35.
Highly Robust Indium‐Free Transparent Conductive Electrodes Based on Composites of Silver Nanowires and Conductive Metal Oxides 下载免费PDF全文
Kirill Zilberberg Felix Gasse Richie Pagui Andreas Polywka Andreas Behrendt Sara Trost Ralf Heiderhoff Patrick Görrn Thomas Riedl 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(12):1671-1678
A hybrid approach for the realization of In‐free transparent conductive layers based on a composite of a mesh of silver nanowires (NWs) and a conductive metal‐oxide is demonstrated. As metal‐oxide room‐temperature‐processed sol–gel SnOx or Al:ZnO prepared by low‐temperature (100 °C) atomic layer deposition is used, respectively. In this concept, the metal‐oxide is intended to fuse the wires together and also to “glue” them to the substrate. As a result, a low sheet resistance down to 5.2 Ω sq‐1 is achieved with a concomitant average transmission of 87%. The adhesion of the NWs to the substrate is significantly improved and the resulting composites withstand adhesion tests without loss in conductivity. Owing to the low processing temperatures, this concept allows highly robust, highly conductive, and transparent coatings even on top of temperature sensitive objects, for example, polymer foils, organic devices. These Indium‐ and PEDOT:PSS‐free hybrid layers are successfully implemented as transparent top‐electrodes in efficient all‐solution‐processed semitransparent organic solar cells. It is obvious that this approach is not limited to organic solar cells but will generally be applicable in devices which require transparent electrodes. 相似文献
36.
废钽的高效回收工艺研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
徐令斌 《稀有金属与硬质合金》1998,(4):31-35
对用还原烧结与酸洗、氢化制粉相结合的方法回收废担的工艺进行了研究,结果表明:采用该法可以利用废钽生产出冶金级钽粉和钽加工材,能获得显著的经济效益。 相似文献
37.
Calcium Treatment to Maintain Quality of Zucchini Squash Slices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zucchini squash slices dipped in solutions of CaCl2 alone or with chlorine were stored at 0°C, 5°C, and 10°C. Slices developed water soaked areas (chilling injury) at 0°C and brown discoloration at 5°C and 10°C, which increased with storage. The amount and severity of chilling injury/browning/decay of water-dipped controls were least at 5°C. Calcium treatments helped in reducing development of decay, rate of total microbial growth, ascorbic acid loss, and shear force decrease of slices stored at 0°C and 10°C but not at 5°C. Addition of chlorine to CaCl2 seemed to have some benefits at 0°C or 10°C. 相似文献
38.
39.
C. von Holst A. Boix V. Baeten J. Vancutsem G. Berben 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2006,23(3):252-264
Species-specific detection and detection of groups of species such as ruminants is required according to European legislation dealing with the safe use of animal by-products in animal nutrition. Various methods are applied to the analysis of feed samples for the presence of banned processed animal proteins (PAPs) including meat and bone meal (MBM). Classical microscopy as described in the Commission Directive EC/2003/126 is the only official method to detect the presence of constituents of animal origin in feed, nevertheless some deviating protocols allowed under the old Directive (EC/88/1988) claim to gain comparable results. An inherent limitation of the microscopic method is the lack of species specificity. Immunoassays showed the most promising potential in research projects or intercomparison studies being able to detect ruminant PAPs at a concentration level of 0.5%. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the intercomparison study conducted on behalf of European Commission's Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection (SANCO) in 2004 to establish whether the two-solvent method would gain comparable results to the current European Method and to evaluate the current capability of immunoassays of determining the species in PAPs present in feed. 相似文献
40.
Antonio Ferrante Livia Martinetti & Tommaso Maggiore 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2009,44(5):1050-1056
Consumers are oriented towards fresh-cut vegetables that provide phytonutrients useful for preventing stress-related diseases. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cut operations on the quality changes of lamb's lettuce ( Valerianella olitoria L.) cv. Trofy during storage at 4 °C for 8 days. Results showed that chlorophyll and carotenoids reduction was observed after 8 days of storage. In both treatments, total carotenoids after 8 days decreased from 20 to 16 mg g−1 FW. Free and total phenols increased with storage in both treatments. Total phenols were 23% higher in control (32 μmol g−1 FW) compared to cut leaves (25 μmol g−1 FW) after 8 days of storage. Anthocyanins increased after 8 days and reached 30 mg 100 g−1 FW without significant difference between treatments. Ascorbic acid (AsA) and dehydroascorbic (DHA) acid increased in cut leaves compared to control. After 1 day AsA concentration was 3 300 nmol g−1 FW in cut leaves, while in control leaves was 1 500 nmol g−1 FW. Analogously AsA + DHA was higher in cut leaves, 4 100 nmol g−1 FW, while in control leaves the mean was 3 000 nmol g−1 FW. After 5 days of storage the values of AsA returned to initial values, while AsA + DHA were lower. 相似文献