Effect of the marine environment on reinforced concrete durability in Iberoamerican countries: DURACON project/CYTED

This work presents some of the results from the project: “Effect of the environment on reinforcement durability” (DURACON) in its first two-years period, which investigates the influence of urban and marine meteorochemical parameters on the performance of reinforced concrete structures. The results presented in this investigation are from 21 marine test sites only (no urban environments are included), distributed among 11 countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Spain, Uruguay, Portugal and Venezuela). The environment was evaluated using ISO Standard 9223 and the concrete was characterized by measuring compressive strength, elastic modulus, total and effective porosity, chloride permeability according to ASTM standards, as well as the effective porosity and resistance to water absorption using the Fagerlund method. To that effect, concrete specimens (with and without reinforcement) were prepared for electrochemical and physical/mechanical/chemical tests using the existing materials in each participating country, following strict procedures which enabled the preparation of similar concrete samples. Two water/cement (w/c) ratios (0.45 and 0.65) were selected, where the concrete with 0.45 w/c ratio had to have a minimum cement content of 400 kg/m³ and the one with 0.65 w/c ratio a compressive strength of 210 kg/cm². Type I Portland cement, siliceous sand, and crushed rock as coarse aggregates (13-mm maximum nominal size) were used. After a one-year exposure, the results of the corrosion potentiality and probability analysis of the reinforcement in the different test stations showed that, for marine atmospheres, the most aggressive environment to induce steel corrosion was at Portugal’s Cabo Raso station, and the least aggressive one was at Chile’s Valparaíso station. These results are comparable with the ones found using electrochemical measurements, after a two-year exposure.     

影响铸铁凝固组织的隐形因素(Ⅰ)

铁液在高于某一温度时，有利于Fe3C生成；在低于某一温度时，Fe3C不稳定，有自发分解为Fe和C的倾向。其临界温度受化学成分及其它因素的影响。铸铁的遗传性包含结构信息保留、成分遗传效应和物性特征保存。更换炉料、多种炉料搭配使用、进行针对性处理、熔液过热等是改善不良遗传性的途径。在同一温度条件下，石墨在熔液、奥氏体和铁素体中的溶解度都比渗碳体的溶解度低；奥氏体-石墨共晶和共析反应温度也都高于奥氏体-渗碳体的共晶和共析反应温度。硅有利于石墨的析出，使Fe—Fe3C介稳定系向Fe—C稳定系转变。所有石墨化元素均降低介稳定共晶温度，而提高稳定共晶温度，并使两者间距扩大。凝固相图反映铸铁在实际条件下的温度-成分-组织关系，其特征界限可依熔化工艺、熔液处理、冷却速度的改变而移动。商业铸铁实际上都在非平衡冷却条件下按共生区概念依凝固相图进行凝固。在过冷条件下，即使是共晶或过共晶成分铸铁，其组织中也可能存在亚共晶枝晶(奥氏体)。     

消失模铸造工艺因素对金属液充型速度影响的研究述评

评述了消失模铸造金属液充型速度的研究现状，从传热、传质角度分析了各工艺因素对充型速度的影响。消失模铸造金属液的充型速度是由泡沫模样的热分解速率及分解产物的逸出速率之问的动平衡所控制的，某个给定铸造过程的实际充型速度是充型阶段各因素的综合结果。凡是影响传热、传质的工艺因素都对充型速度有影响。     

大块非晶合金的形成能力及研究进展

综合评述了大块非晶合金形成的控制因素，从热力学、动力学和结构三个方面讨论了大块非晶合金的形成机理；并简介了大块非品合金的制备技术和研究现状。     

双钨极氩弧焊耦合电弧压力分析

双钨极氩弧焊(twin-electrode TIG, T-TIG)的耦合电弧是由设置在同一个焊枪中的两个相互绝缘的钨极各自产生的电弧耦合而成的.这个耦合电弧在物理特性上不同于传统单钨极TIG电弧.以试验为基础,分析了耦合电弧的电弧压力特性,并对比单钨极电弧就焊接电流、电弧弧长、钨极间距和钨极形状对耦合电弧压力分布的影响进行了研究.     

提高涂料铝粉附着率的研究

结合涂料铝粉的实际生产，对影响涂料铝粉附着率的主要因素进行了分析，试验，论证，指出了提高涂料铝粉附着率的有效措施。     

等离子表面淬火相变硬化带的预测及影响因素

提出了等离子对金属材料表面淬火处理的温度场计算及快速确定铁基材料表面硬化带尺寸的方法。分析了等离子表面淬火过程中一些重要参数与淬硬深度的关系，通过45钢的淬火硬化试验，验证了该方法的正确性和实用性。     

酯硬化碱性酚醛树脂砂工艺及生产应用研究

试验分析了酯硬化碱性酚醛树脂砂的工艺性能及各种因素的影响，生产浇注出优质铸件。     

无线网络中TCP/NC协议性能分析与仿真验证

为改进传统传输控制协议( TCP)在无线网络中的性能,运用Matlab对TCP Reno,TCP Vegas和基于网络编码的TCP/NC吞吐率分析模型进行数值求解,分析3个模型在不同网络环境下应达到的理论值,验证TCP/NC模型在理论上能否提高其吞吐率。基于NS-2对3种吞吐率模型进行仿真,结果表明,TCP/NC及其分析模型可有效改进TCP协议。