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101.
102.
Danny Barash Tamar Schlick Moshe Israeli Ron Kimmel 《Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision》2003,19(1):33-48
Operator splitting is a powerful concept used in many diversed fields of applied mathematics for the design of effective numerical schemes. Following the success of the additive operator splitting (AOS) in performing an efficient nonlinear diffusion filtering on digital images, we analyze the possibility of using multiplicative operator splittings to process images from different perspectives.We start by examining the potential of using fractional step methods to design a multiplicative operator splitting as an alternative to AOS schemes. By means of a Strang splitting, we attempt to use numerical schemes that are known to be more accurate in linear diffusion processes and apply them on images. Initially we implement the Crank-Nicolson and DuFort-Frankel schemes to diffuse noisy signals in one dimension and devise a simple extrapolation that enables the Crank-Nicolson to be used with high accuracy on these signals. We then combine the Crank-Nicolson in 1D with various multiplicative operator splittings to process images. Based on these ideas we obtain some interesting results. However, from the practical standpoint, due to the computational expenses associated with these schemes and the questionable benefits in applying them to perform nonlinear diffusion filtering when using long timesteps, we conclude that AOS schemes are simple and efficient compared to these alternatives.We then examine the potential utility of using multiple timestep methods combined with AOS schemes, as means to expedite the diffusion process. These methods were developed for molecular dynamics applications and are used efficiently in biomolecular simulations. The idea is to split the forces exerted on atoms into different classes according to their behavior in time, and assign longer timesteps to nonlocal, slowly-varying forces such as the Coulomb and van der Waals interactions, whereas the local forces like bond and angle are treated with smaller timesteps. Multiple timestep integrators can be derived from the Trotter factorization, a decomposition that bears a strong resemblance to a Strang splitting. Both formulations decompose the time propagator into trilateral products to construct multiplicative operator splittings which are second order in time, with the possibility of extending the factorization to higher order expansions. While a Strang splitting is a decomposition across spatial dimensions, where each dimension is subsequently treated with a fractional step, the multiple timestep method is a decomposition across scales. Thus, multiple timestep methods are a realization of the multiplicative operator splitting idea. For certain nonlinear diffusion coefficients with favorable properties, we show that a simple multiple timestep method can improve the diffusion process. 相似文献
103.
104.
吸水膨胀型膨润土/交联聚丙烯酰胺颗粒堵剂 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
使丙烯酰胺、少量N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺在钙膨润土存在下进行水溶液引发接枝共聚合,聚合产物经造粒、粉碎、筛分,得到粒径0.5~1.0mm的颗粒堵剂。根据颗粒堵剂吸水量大小确定丙烯酰胺与膨润土最佳质量比为7:1,引发剂最佳用量为500g/t,交联剂最佳用量为300g/t,吸水量与这3个参数之间的关系曲线都经过最大值,颗粒堵剂在去离子水中的吸水量为560~650mL/g。该堵剂已大规模生产,在胜利、中原油田许多采油厂已用于调剖、堵水和调驱施工,在青海、江苏、大港、冀东等油田也已开始使用。在胜利东辛采油厂的一个井组,连续3个月在3口井注入该堵剂共27t,使井口压力上升3MPa,产油量大幅度增加。表l参l。 相似文献
105.
Herman Keith C.; Ostrander Rick; Walkup John T.; Silva Susan G.; March John S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,75(5):716
A latent profile analysis was conducted on the co-occurring symptoms of 423 adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder as part of the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), a multisite, randomized treatment trial. The participants had a mean (SD) age of 14.6 (1.5) years; of the sample, 45.6% was male and 73.8% was white. Scores on the primary subscales of Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised were used as indicators in the analysis. Five classes of symptoms best described the clinical presentation of adolescents enrolled in the TADS. Of the adolescents in the sample, 80% were assigned to classes with clinically significant elevations on 1 or more subscales of the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. The 5 classes met empirical criteria for distinctiveness and were validated against clinical diagnoses, child-rated symptoms, and clinician-rated functional impairment. The findings are consistent with prior studies that showed a high rate of co-occurring symptoms among depressed adolescents. The discussion focuses on understanding subtypes and comorbidity in adolescent depression as well as the implications for treatment and for prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
106.
The complete verification of the timing properties of a large critical system cannot be undertaken in a single step or with
a single method. In this paper we present a process that links together a number of techniques and approaches that cover all
stages of development from requirements analysis to code testing. The key elements of the process are: a constrained form
of timed automata that uses delay and deadline to define temporal behaviour, notions of rely and guarantee to cover temporal dependencies, model checking for design verification, SPARK and Ravenscar restrictions for programming,
and scheduling and response time analysis for asserting implementation compliance. Extended examples of the use of the process
are given. 相似文献
107.
随着单井蒸汽吞吐周期的增加,加剧了油层纵向和平面上的非均质性。汽驱井组油层存在高渗透带或孔道,注入蒸汽上升,从稠油顶部跨越,会出现越顶现象,造成提早汽窜,注蒸汽驱的波及效率进一步降低。针对此问题,开发了稠油注汽井用高温调剖封窜剂。室内研究结果表明,研制的高温调副封窜剂HD、HT具有较好的高温成胶性能和强度。现场应用孤东油田的9口井,有效8口,有效率88.9%,累计增油726.8t。 相似文献
108.
John Hemp 《Flow Measurement and Instrumentation》1994,5(4):247-253
In this paper a fuller and clear derivation of the weight vector theory of Coriolis mass flowmeters is given indicating its potential for the prediction of velocity profile effects in both the traditional kind of meter (vibrating tube) and the compact kind (vibrating element inside a duct). 相似文献
109.
A simple and computationally efficient method of determining the transfer function and other characteristics of systems with multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO systems) described by autoregression equations is proposed. The method is based on the use of the discrete Fourier transformation. The algorithm is highly suitable for computer implementation. The efficiency and simplicity of the method are illustrated using the example of a system with three inputs and three outputs. The proposed concept may be applied to systems described by the autoregression sliding mean. 相似文献
110.
Merahi Ali Ahmed B. Mohammed F. Jean M. 《AEUE-International Journal of Electronics and Communications》2005,59(6):359-361
A refined study of multi-carrier code division multiple access transmission over a Nakagami fading channel is proposed. The channel power is modeled with an exponential power profile rather than the uniform profile prevalent in other papers. An expression for the bit error rate (BER) is then derived. Numerical results show that MC-CDMA performances depend on the power dispersion of interferers around the desired user power. 相似文献