一种硝酸甲胺制造工序的pH值在线检测方法

通过对水胶炸药生产线硝酸甲胺制造工艺的研究及pH测量原理的分析,设计了一套pH值自动检测装置,研制了一种硝酸甲胺制造工序的pH值在线检测方法,并在生产线上进行验证。结果表明该检测方法模拟人工手动操作方式,简单、安全、准确,可以实现pH值的自动检测。     

NEPE推进剂无损型贮存寿命预估

为了实现对硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂药柱贮存寿命进行预估时的测量无损性,通过对施加10%定压缩应变的NEPE推进剂进行高温热加速老化实验、气体含量监测实验、单向拉伸力学性能实验,基于相关性分析和寿命预估模型,提出了一种以特征气体含量变化为基础数据的无损型寿命预估模型。结果表明,NEPE推进剂贮存老化过程中,CO气体释放量最大,不同温度条件下的释放量均达到1300 mg以上,且其和NO气体均呈现老化初期释放量增长缓慢,后期迅速增加的规律,HCl气体释放量在老化初期和后期增长较快,老化中期增长较慢;老化初期最大抗拉强度σm和最大延伸率εm小幅增大,老化中期前者小幅震荡,后者逐渐增大,老化后期两者均急剧减小;不同温度条件下CO气体释放量与最大抗拉强度关联度值最大,为0.93～0.95,且两者存在单一相关性;基于传统老化寿命预估模型和改进的老化寿命预估模型,建立了四种NEPE推进剂寿命预估方法,通过相关性系数比较和预估结果分析,得出以CO气体释放量作为预估参数的改进型寿命预估模型的相关性系数最大,寿命预估结果最为有效。     

硝酸铅对水杨羟肟酸浮选锡石性能的影响

水杨羟肟酸是锡石浮选的常用药剂之一,能与碱土金属离子形成稳定性较小的螯合物.本文通过实验研究了硝酸铅的添加对水杨羟肟酸浮选锡石的性能影响,结果表明:硝酸铅和水杨羟肟酸预先混合再添加得到的浮选指标比顺序添加得到的浮选指标更好,且在pH值为7,硝酸铅和水杨羟肟酸的质量比为1:2.5,用量在700 g/t时,粗精矿锡石品位为3.13％,回收率为64.02％,该回收率比同等药剂用量条件下,硝酸铅和水杨羟肟酸按顺序添加提高了6个百分点.这可能是因为硝酸铅和水杨羟肟酸预先混合反应产生的金属有机配合物在浮选时表现出更强的捕收能力和选择性,从而提高了浮选指标.     

工业硝酸铵添加剂对乳胶基质的影响

为了改善工业硝酸铵的吸湿结块性能,通常会加入添加剂(有机包覆剂或无机改性剂),而工业硝酸铵作为乳化炸药的主要原料,其添加剂对乳化炸药的制备和性能会产生影响。因此,分别对采用有机包覆剂蜡的泰国产工业硝酸铵和采用无机改性剂的俄罗斯产工业硝酸铵,开展了制备现场散装乳胶基质的工业试验。结果表明:两类工业硝酸铵均可作为乳化炸药原材料使用,但有机包覆剂会沉入水相罐底部或粘附在输送管道内壁,对水相和乳胶基质制备造成不利影响,因此需要在水相制备环节分离去除包覆剂蜡;硝酸镁、硝酸钙等无机改性剂对乳胶基质制备无影响,但生产的乳胶基质稳定性较差,通过调整乳化剂的种类和配比以及乳化器的转速可得到一定改进。     

Modeling and performance analysis of an absorption chiller with a microchannel membrane‐based absorber using LiBr‐H2O,LiCl‐H2O,and LiNO3‐NH3

In order to develop compact absorption refrigeration cycles driven by low heat sources, the simulated performance of a microchannel absorber of 5‐cm length and 9.5 cm³ in volume provided with a porous membrane is presented for 3 different solution‐refrigerant pairs: LiBr‐H₂O, LiCl‐H₂O, and LiNO₃‐NH₃. The high absorption rates calculated for the 3 solutions lead to large cooling effect to absorber volume ratios: 625 kW/m³ for the LiNO₃‐NH₃, 552 kW/m³ for the LiBr‐H₂O, and 318 kW/m³ for the LiCl‐H₂O solutions given the studied geometry. The performance of a complete absorption system is also analyzed varying the solution concentration, condensation temperature, and desorption temperature. The LiNO₃‐NH₃ and the LiBr‐H₂O solutions provide the largest cooling effects. The LiNO₃‐NH₃ can work at a lower temperature of the heating source, in comparison with the one needed in a LiBr‐H₂O system. The lowest cooling effect and coefficient of performance are found for the LiCl‐H₂O solution, but this mixture allows the use of lower temperature heating sources (below 70°C). These results can be used for the selection of the most suitable solution for a given cooling duty, depending on the available heat source and condensation temperature.     

Corrosion of aluminium,stainless steels and AISI 680 nickel alloy in nitrogen‐based fuels

Nitrogen‐based compounds can potentially be used as alternative non‐carbon or low‐carbon fuels. Nevertheless, the corrosion of construction materials at high temperatures and pressures in the presence of such fuel has not been reported yet. This work is focused on the corrosion of AISI Al 6061, 1005 carbon steel (CS), 304, 316L, 310 austenitic stainless steels (SS) and 680 nickel alloy in highly concentrated water solution of ammonium nitrate and urea (ANU). The corrosion at 50 °C and ambient pressure and at 350 °C and 20 bar was investigated to simulate storage and working conditions. Sodium chloride was added to the fuel (0–5 wt%) to simulate industrial fertilizers and accelerated corrosion environment. Heavy corrosion of CS was observed in ANU solution at 50 °C, while Al 6061, 304 and 316L SS showed high resistance both to uniform and pitting corrosion in ANU containing 1% of sodium chloride. Addition of 5% sodium chloride caused pitting of Al 6061 but had no influence on the corrosion of SS. Tests in ANU at 350 °C and 20 bar showed pitting on SS 304 and 316L and 680 nickel alloy. The highest corrosion resistance was found for SS 310 due to formation of stable oxide film on its surface.     

Nitrate and chloride concentrations in the high plains aquifer,Texas

Groundwater nitrate and chloride concentrations were compiled for 122 wells in a rural, three‐county area of northwest Texas. The counties are located on the High Plains aquifer, a major source of groundwater in the region. Cropland/pasture is the predominant land use in the study area. The area also contains numerous cattle feedlots. Fertilizer and manure associated with those land uses are potential sources of ground‐water contamination. Although locally elevated above background levels, none of the chemical concentrations exceeded the primary drinking water standard of 44.27 mg/L for nitrate (10mg/L for NO₃ — N) or secondary standard of 250mg/L for chloride. Rank correlations between nitrate and chloride were statistically significant in two of the three counties, where the solutes may have originated from a common surface source. Denitrification and scant precipitation recharge may account for an absence of nitrate levels above the drinking water standard.     

缺氧/好氧生物塘深度处理污水厂尾水的中试

通过设置缺氧区、分区种植水生植物构建微生物与多种水生生物共同作用的缺氧/好氧生物塘,对达到一级A排放标准的污水处理厂尾水进行中试规模的深度处理研究.结果表明,缺氧/好氧生物塘对污水处理厂尾水的处理效果较好,出水DO浓度明显升高,平均值为3.67mg/L;对COD和硝酸盐氮的平均去除率分别可达到58.25％和37.74％,出水浓度可达到地表Ⅲ类水质标准;对总磷的平均去除率为35.66％,出水浓度可达到地表Ⅴ类水质标准.缺氧/好氧生物塘对污染物的去除是微生物降解与生物链摄取共同作用的结果.