不同乳杆菌强化发酵红薯叶及其酸菜品质的研究

为筛选发酵红薯叶最适宜的乳酸菌菌种,以植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌和混合乳酸菌强化发酵红薯叶,结果表明,乳酸菌强化发酵酸菜的pH下降快、乳酸含量高、亚硝酸盐含量低,可溶性多糖含量高。其中,混菌发酵乳酸含量最高(6.19mg/g,P<0.05),亚硝酸盐含量最低(0.29μg/mL,P<0.05),多糖含量(22.90mg/g)与单菌发酵无显著差异;混菌发酵红薯叶硬度、咀嚼性和紧实度均最大;混菌发酵有24种氨基酸,比自然发酵多4种,呈鲜味氨基酸最丰富,必需氨基酸最齐全且含量最高(1 561.72μg/g,P<0.05)。     

交流阻抗法研究注入水中NO2^-对碳钢的次生腐蚀

在注入水中加入硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐,加强地层中硝酸盐还原菌(NRB)等微生物的代谢繁殖,利用微生物竞争抑制硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)生物活性,可以从根源上控制H2S的生成。但是注入的NO2-会对金属造成次生腐蚀,点蚀现象严重。通过交流阻抗谱图的测定,研究了在注入水中NO2-对碳钢的次生腐蚀过程。电镜扫描照片与红外光谱表明,45号碳钢在含NO2-的模拟采出水中腐蚀120 h的外锈层最终腐蚀产物为γ-FeOOH和β-FeOOH。次生腐蚀过程由电化学过程和扩散过程共同作用,通过ZSimp Win拟合软件及相关计算得到等效电路的各电化学参数值:电极表面双电层电容Cd为63.01μF,极化电阻Rp为272.3Ω.cm2,电荷传递电阻Rt为9.148Ω.cm2。随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀速率先减小后增大。NO2-氧化Fe(0)和Fe(Ⅱ)得到的γ-FeOOH在酸性条件下形成致密的α-FeOOH,附着在碳钢上形成的内锈层抑制了大面积的腐蚀;而游离的Fe(Ⅲ)水解产物[FeOH]2+与β-FeOOH加速腐蚀,同时加重点蚀。因此注入水中NO2-对碳钢的次生腐蚀表现为腐蚀面积小,点蚀严重。图13表1参12     

分光光度法测定乳粉中亚硝酸盐含量的不确定度评定

目的 研究分光光度法测定乳粉中亚硝酸盐的不确定度评定。方法 以乳粉为例, 参考JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》, 对GB 5009.33-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐的测定》第二法分光光度法测定亚硝酸盐的不确定度进行评定。结果 乳粉中亚硝酸盐的含量为1.0 mg/kg 时, 测定结果的合成标准不确定度为0.042 mg/kg, 取k=2, 扩展不确定度为0.084 mg/kg, 其结果可表示为(1.0±0.1) mg/kg。结论 测量结果的不确定度主要是标准曲线拟合、标准工作液配制、试样检测重复性和测定用样液体积。前两者引入的不确定度分量贡献较大。     

蔬菜水果中硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐的测定及其储藏过程中的含量变化

文章采用离子色谱法/电导检测器,测定了蔬菜水果样品中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸的含量。实验选取并优化样品前处理方法,获得无色透明的溶液后,经0.45μm过滤器过滤后得到待测液,最后自动进样,离子色谱法进行样品测定,以10 mmol/L KOH溶液为淋洗液,相对标准偏差：NO3-为0.38%,NO2-为0.54%;回收率：NO3-为98.8%～99.7%,NO2-为98.6%～99.9%。本方法操作简便快速,且具有仪器稳定性好、测定结果准确可靠的特点。在被测定蔬菜水果中,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量都在较低浓度水平,NO3-：16.8～21.9 mg/kg,NO2-：0.0887～0.164 mg/kg。最后讨论了几种蔬菜水果样品储藏过程中硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐的含量变化情况。     

Denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrite by a real‐time step feed sequencing batch reactor

BACKGROUND: Nitrite is toxic to anoxic phosphorus uptake when it exceeds a threshold concentration. In this study, denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrite as electron acceptor was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated using a real‐time step feed strategy. RESULTS: The nitrite pulse concentration was initially determined by batch experiments. pH increased with use of nitrite for phosphate uptake, and decreased when the nitrite was used up. Nitrite was added promptly after the pH reached the peak value, and phosphate uptake continued, driven by the nitrite addition. The pH was adjusted to 7.50 using HCl with each pulse of nitrite addition. ORP could be used to determine the endpoint of denitrifiying phosphorus removal. However, the variation of second derivative of ORP with time was much more sensitive and should be a more suitable control parameter than ORP itself to determine the endpoint of denitrifying phosphorus removal. CONCLUSION: Compared with denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrate as electron acceptor, denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrite using real‐time step feed can save 22.3% of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for phosphorus removal and 49.4% of PHA for nitrogen removal. In addition, the reaction time could be shortened. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

4-甲基-5-甲酰基噻唑的合成研究

研究了头孢托仑匹酯3-位侧链4-甲基-5-甲酰基噻唑(1)的合成工艺,以氯丙酮(2)和硫脲为起始原料,经环合、Vilsmeier甲酰化、重氮化还原脱氨基得到4-甲基-5-甲酰基噻唑(1),反应总收率为58.5%。考察了重氮化还原脱氨基反应中溶剂、反应温度、亚硝酸叔丁酯及添加剂二甲基亚砜的用量对产物1收率的影响,得出了优化工艺条件。     

Pore-scale modeling of competition and cooperation of multispecies biofilms for nutrients in changing environments

In this article, we developed a pore-scale model of integrated lattice Boltzmann method and cellular automata to investigate competitive growth of aerobic nitrite and ammonium oxidizers in a bioreactor. The results showed that inlet nutrient concentrations have significant effects on maximum biofilm concentration, ratio of microorganisms' concentrations, growth pattern, and time. The local availability of oxygen could control the competition, resulting in different growth patterns. The coexistence of ammonium and nitrite in same inlet zone increased not only the biofilm concentration (7%) but also the ratio of microorganisms' concentrations (36%). Although this coexistence decreased the total biofilm concentration in some cases, it increased the growth rate about 25%. Changes of the maximum biomass concentration could change biofilm concentration of about 40% and microorganisms' concentrations ratio of about 30%. This framework provides a powerful tool to improve our understanding of dynamic interdependency of many complex microbial consortia systems with environments.     

人工湿地的反硝化能力研究

利用人工湿地的反硝化作用进行去除硝态氮的试验,其反硝化碳源主要为植物根系的分泌物及湿地内腐败的死亡植株.结果表明,人工湿地内有着适宜反硝化的反应环境,反硝化茵能够很好地利用湿地内产生的碳源进行反硝化作用来去除硝态氮,且不会出现亚硝态氮的大量积累.在进水(NO3-)-N浓度为20-50 mg/L、水力停留时间为24 h的条件下,夏季运行时,湿地系统对硝态氮的去除率为20%～30%;冬季运行时,对硝态氮的去除率在10%左右.提供充足的反硝化碳源是硝态氮去除率进一步提高的瓶颈.     

通过控制泥龄实现亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化

采用序批式活性污泥法处理人工配制的城市生活污水，通过控制泥龄成功地实现了亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化，曝气过程中NO2^-N／NOx^-N值始终保持在84．48％以上，曝气结束时大约有80．39％的氨氮通过同步硝化反硝化途径被去除。在适宜的曝气量下，利用排泥的方法控制反应器内适宜的泥龄，可以实现稳定的亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化。