国外先进的用于生产过程控制的硬度计及其新技术简介

提出了过程控制硬度计这一全新的概念,指出了作为过程控制硬度计应该具有的性能特点;全面地分析了国产硬度计同国际上先进的用于过程硬度控制的硬度计在性能和功能上的差距;介绍了作为国际上专门生产过程控制硬度计的瑞士ERNST公司的产品及其产品的特点,为国内硬度计的使用单位采购硬度计的选型,以及为硬度计的制造企业今后产品的研制方向提供了一个很好的参考.     

单晶SnO2纳米带裂纹形核的临界应力和断裂韧性

使用纳米压痕法测量了单晶SnO2纳米带的硬度、断裂韧性以及裂纹形核的临界应力。结果表明，当载荷大于临界值后微裂纹就从压痕顶端形核、扩展；与此相应，在载荷一位移曲线上出现位移突变平台，根据平台载荷计算出压痕裂纹形核的临界应力σc=3．4GPa；利用裂纹的长度计算出SnO2纳米带的断裂韧性为0．028—0．066MPa-m^1／2，其平均值为KIc=0．044MPa-rn^1／2，它比其它块体脆性材料的断裂韧性小一个数量级,实验测出SnO2纳米带的硬度H=6．25GPa和弹性模量E=86．7GPa。     

铝高速钢丝锥的应用

铝高速钢与普通高速钢的红硬性对比试验以及丝锥切削对比的试验研究表明 ,将铝高速钢用作螺纹工具—丝锥能明显提高其切削性能 ,从国内矿产资源角度看 ,开发使用铝高速钢具有其实际意义。     

AZ31镁合金表面液相渗铝的工艺与性能

采用液相扩渗技术在挤压态AZ31镁合金表面快速渗入铝，在合金表面获得过共晶渗层，并对渗层的成分、相组成、扩渗过程、纳米硬度和腐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明：AZ31镁合金在480℃热扩渗铝过程中发生了“熔化—凝固”变化，渗层为典型的过共晶组织：渗铝层含有Mg17A112相和镁的铝饱和固溶体，这种渗层具有较高的纳米硬度和较好的耐腐蚀性能；通过提高扩渗温度进行液相扩渗可以大大提高扩渗速度，但由于快速凝固收缩会造成表层产生起伏现象，控制冷却速度可以将表层起伏控制在可接受的范围。     

65Mn钢弹簧支撑的热处理工艺改进

改进对弹簧支撑热处理工艺，增加工艺孔，使用新的淬火挂具，采用表面喷砂处理，解决了工件热处理后硬度不均匀，外形变化及其表面不清洁的问题。     

EFFECT OF RARE EARTH ELEMENT Er ON STRENGTHENING OF INTERFACE OF Ti（C，N） BASED CERMETS

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＲＡＲＥＥＡＲＴＨＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＥｒＯＮＳＴＲＥＮＧＴＨＥＮＩＮＧＯＦＩＮＴＥＲＦＡＣＥＯＦＴｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）ＢＡＳＥＤＣＥＲＭＥＴＳ￥ＬｉｕＮｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，...     

Effect of Powder Type and Compaction Pressure on the Density,Hardness and Oxidation Resistance of Sintered and Steam-treated Steels

Two types of Hoganas iron powders—sponge (NC), and highly compressible (SC) were investigated. These specimens were compacted with a pressure of 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 MPa, before sintering in a production belt-type furnace. Steam treatment of the specimens was at 570 °C for 30 min. The sintered density and as-sintered hardness increase with increasing compaction pressure, and are significantly influenced by the powder structural characteristics. During steam treatment the type of powder and compaction pressure have an important influence on the extent of pore closure and weight gain. The maximum hardness was obtained for the components compacted at a pressure of 500 MPa for both groups of iron powders. Surface pore closure and oxidation resistance of the steam-treated components are improved with increasing compaction pressure.     

Aging behavior of Al2O3 short fiber reinforced Al-Cu alloy composites

Al2O3 short fiber reinforced AI-Cu composites containing 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% Cu were fabricated by a squeeze casting technique. The as-cast Al2O3/Al-Cu composites were solution treated at 535 ℃ and then aged at 170, 190 and 210 ℃, respectively. Age hardening behavior of the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites was analyzed by measuring the hardness of the samples at different aging temperatures and aging time. Microstructures of the composites were observed by transmission electron microscope（TEM）. The results indicate that the hardness of the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites containing 7% Cu is much higher than that containing 1%-5% Cu because of the large amount of CuAl2 precipitant in the Al2O3/Al-Cu composite. With the increase of Cu content from 1% to 7%, the time needed for the appearance of peak hardness shortened, indicating that the addition of Cu can accelerate the kinetic of CuAl2 precipitation in the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites. The Al2O3/Al-Cu composite containing 7% Cu shows the highest increment of hardness by aging treatment. Therefore, in order to get a higher peak hardness, the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites need more Cu addition as compared with the un-reinforced Al-Cu alloys.     

连续冷却条件下正常晶粒长大理论

探讨了单相合金高温形变再结晶后连续冷却条件下正常晶粒长大问题。结合传热学及晶界迁移理论证明，在连续冷却条件下晶粒的长大满足关系。进一步的理论分析表明，在连续冷却条件下，晶粒的长大存在因温度连续变化而形成的极限尺寸ｄ＿ｍ，以及相应的临界时间τ＿ｃ。试验结果与上述理论吻合较好。     

碳对马氏体钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过固定其它元素的含量，调整碳含量的方式，研究了碳含量对马氏体钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随碳含量增加，马氏体钢的硬度和抗拉强度提高，但冲击韧度下降。