硫对煤与五氯酚混烧过程二英生成影响规律的试验研究

二(口恶)英是环境中的痕量剧毒有机污染物,对人类健康极具危害.本文以垃圾中的典型成份五氯酚(PCP)为研究对象,研究了煤和PCP混烧过程中,元素硫及煤中硫对烟气中二(口恶)英生成的影响.煤的加入(特别是高硫煤的加入)可以明显降低二(口恶)英生成.试验结果表明煤和PCP混烧时,只要燃料中的S/Cl的摩尔比大于0.4时就能实现对燃烧过程中前驱物生成二(口恶)英反应超过80%的抑制效率,当S/Cl比在0.7～1范围内的抑制效果较好.本文的实验结果对于探明实际垃圾焚烧过程中二(口恶)英的生成机理和影响因素具有重要指导意义.     

五氯酚及其钠盐的样品前处理和分析检测技术研究进展

五氯酚是一种剧毒有机氯农药,其钠盐经酸化可转化为五氯酚。五氯酚曾被广泛运用于杀虫、除草、抗菌、防腐等方面,由于其性质稳定、难以降解,环境残留与污染严重,通过食物链的生物蓄积作用,进入人体并对人体造成毒副作用。本文综述了五氯酚及其钠盐测定的样品前处理技术和常用分析检测技术,样品前处理技术包括液-液萃取法、超声波萃取法、微波萃取法、固相萃取法、QuEChERS法、液相微萃取法、固相微萃取法、离子液体法、分子印迹法等,常用分析检测技术包括分光光度法、表面增强拉曼光谱法、电化学分析法、免疫分析法、气相色谱法、液相色谱法、气相色谱-串联质谱法、液相色谱-串联质谱法等,并对食品中五氯酚及其钠盐残留测定技术的研究和应用前景进行了展望。     

增强型除脂固相萃取技术结合超高效液相色谱- 串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中五氯酚残留量

目的建立增强型除脂固相萃取技术结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中五氯酚残留量的分析方法。方法样品经8%三乙胺乙腈:水(80:20,V:V)提取,经EMR-Lipid固相萃取柱净化,以5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)-甲醇作为流动相, Waters ACQUITY BEH C_(18)(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7μm)进行色谱分离,在电喷雾负离子模式下,多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)方式进行测定,基质匹配外标法定量。结果猪肉、猪肝、鱼、河虾、蟹、牛奶等6种基质中五氯酚在0.5～10 ng/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数r0.997,方法检出限范围为0.1～0.3μg/kg,定量限范围为0.3～0.5μg/kg,在1.0、5.0、10.0μg/kg3个浓度水平下6种基质中回收率范围为81%～98%,相对标准偏差范围为1.74%～4.78%之间(n=6)。结论该方法简单快速、准确可靠,经济环保,重复性好,适用于动物源性食品中五氯酚残留量的测定。     

自组装单层SO3H／SiO2纳米膜材料对五氯酚的吸附性能研究

制备了SO3H／SiO2自组装单层纳米膜材料,并用其在水中的质子化效应进行表征。用SO3H／SiO2作为吸附剂处理低浓度五氯酚（PCP）有机废水取得了良好的吸附效果。通过调节／不调节pH值对比吸附实验,推测PCP在SO3H／SiO2自组装单层表面的吸附机理为氢键吸附。     

Effect of Initial Cell Density,Substrate Concentration and Temperature on Pentachlorophenol Degradation by Pseudomonas sp. UG30

The effect of selected variables on pentachlorophenol (PCP) dechlorination and degradation by a PCP-mineralizing Pseudomonas sp. UG30 was studied. Maximum rates of PCP dechlorination and degradation increased linearly with increasing initial cell densities up to 1·1×10⁹ CFU cm⁻³ and then levelled off. Maximum rates of PCP dechlorination and degradation decreased as the initial PCP concentration increased. Degradation of 400 ppm PCP was incomplete and stopped when 120 ppm Cl⁻ was released into the medium. It was found that Cl⁻ ions inhibited PCP degradation at a concentration of 100 ppm and higher. Enzymes involved in PCP dechlorination and degradation by UG30 cells were inducible, but not repressed by glucose. UG30 cultures were able to degrade PCP at 10°C and rates increased linearly with increasing temperature to 30°C. Apparent activation energies for PCP dechlorination and degradation were 7·72 and 9·13 kcal mol⁻¹, respectively. © 1997 SCI.     

Degradation of Pentachlorophenol by Microalgae

A microalga (VT-1) was isolated from pentachlorophenol (PCP) treated water. Its growth and PCP tolerance was compared with two known strains of Chlorella and it was found to be more tolerant with an IC₅₀ (24–25 mg dm⁻³) value twice that of C. vulgaris. The ability of VT-1 to degrade PCP was tested using uniformly labelled PCP, and ¹⁴CO₂ was released, indicating mineralisation. ¹⁴CO₂ was not released in the presence of the other microalgae and only occurred in the light. Release was also stimulated by the presence of glucose in the light. © 1997 SCI.     

粉末活性炭对水中五氯酚的吸附效果研究及模型建立

在一定温度和pH值范围内,40 mg/L的粉末活性炭对于1 mg/L的五氯酚超纯水溶液具有很好的吸附效果,吸附1 h后基本达到平衡,五氯酚的去除率达到92%以上。建立的新吸附扩散模型不仅适用于其他吸附剂,而且优于一般的一级吸附模型。研究结果显示,粉末活性炭对低浓度五氯酚的吸附规律符合Radke-Prausnitz公式;活性炭投加过量时吸附效果无明显改善;水温从10℃升至30℃时吸附量变小,水温从30℃升至50℃时吸附量反而增大;五氯酚超纯水溶液剩余浓度与pH值成指数模型关系。吸附机理为五氯酚中苯环的π-π键间作用力与静电作用力共同作用的结果。     

分光光度法测定水质中五氯酚的含量

采用分光光度法测定水质中的五氯酚含量.实验结果表明,五氯酚与吸光度成良好的线性关系,平均回收率96.3%,相对标准偏差3.16%.此方法准确可行,灵敏度高.     

盐析分相微萃取-液相色谱法测定水中痕量五氯酚

本文采用正丁醇作萃取剂,盐析分相微萃取样品处理方法富集水中五氯酚,反相高效液相色谱法测定水中痕量五氯酚。考察了不同萃取剂、盐析效应和pH值对萃取效果的影响。该方法加标回收率为87.41%,方法检出限为0.00467mg/L,相对标准偏差为2.09%。该萃取方法可有效富集水中痕量五氯酚。     

pH对五氯酚在水体悬浮颗粒物上吸附行为的影响

研究了pH值（1.0-12.5)的变化对五氯酚（PCP）在水体悬浮颗粒物（SPM）上吸附行为的影响。研究结果表明：在水中可解离的弱酸性有机化合物PCP在SPM上的吸附行为符合Freundich等温线；PCP在SPM上的吸附常数受pH影响很大；另外还利用一数学模型描述了pH在1.0-8.9范围内，PCP在SPM上的吸附。