气相色谱-质谱法分析比较传统同山高粱酒及其改良工艺酒样中的香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）提取传统清香型同山高粱酒及其经发酵工艺改良后的酒样Ⅰ、酒样Ⅱ中的香气成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪对香气成分进行分析。结果显示,除乙醇外,三种清香型白酒中共检测出61种香气成分,其中:传统同山高粱酒中共检测出香气成分35种,主要呈香化合物有酯类化合物、醇类化合物和芳香族化合物,主要香气成分有己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、3-甲基丁醇、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、丁酸乙酯;酒样Ⅰ中共检测出香气成分45种,主要呈香化合物有酯类化合物、醇类化合物、烷烃类化合物和烯烃类化合物,主要香气成分有乙酸乙酯、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醇、双戊烯、十二烷;酒样Ⅱ中共检测出香气成分41种,主要呈香化合物有酯类化合物、烷烃类化合物、烯烃类化合物和芳香族化合物,主要香气成分有乙酸乙酯、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醇、双戊烯、十四烷。研究结果表明,传统同山高粱酒经发酵工艺改良后,酒中香气成分种类明显增多,酒的口感和风味得到改善。      

激光填丝焊接镍基合金/304不锈钢二次相的转变机制及其对晶间腐蚀性能的影响

为了阐明激光填丝焊接镍基合金(Hastelloy C-276)/304二次相的转变机制和晶间腐蚀机制,通过EPMA和TEM对二次相进行分析;采用双环动电位再活化法(DL-EPR)对焊接接头的晶间腐蚀性能进行评价,并采用EDS对焊接接头腐蚀表面进行成分分析.实验结果表明:p相和μ相为完全共格关系,且其共格关系为[001]...     

Molecular Dissection of TDP-43 as a Leading Cause of ALS/FTLD

TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a DNA/RNA binding protein involved in pivotal cellular functions, especially in RNA metabolism. Hyperphosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions are identified in the brain and spinal cord in most cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a substantial proportion of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) cases. TDP-43 dysfunctions and cytoplasmic aggregation seem to be the central pathogenicity in ALS and FTLD. Therefore, unraveling both the physiological and pathological mechanisms of TDP-43 may enable the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the current understanding of TDP-43 biology and pathology, describing the cellular processes involved in the pathogeneses of ALS and FTLD, such as post-translational modifications, RNA metabolism, liquid–liquid phase separation, proteolysis, and the potential prion-like propagation propensity of the TDP-43 inclusions.     

Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products on a g-C3N4-Supported Copper-Based Catalyst

Herein, a novel approach used to enhance the conversion of electrochemical CO₂ reduction (CO₂R), as well as the capacity to produce C₂ products, is reported. A copper oxide catalyst supported by graphite phase carbon nitride (CuO/g-C₃N₄) was prepared using a one-step hydrothermal method and exhibited a better performance than pure copper oxide nanosheets (CuO NSs) and spherical copper oxide particles (CuO SPs). The Faradaic efficiency reached 64.7% for all the C₂ products, specifically 37.0% for C₂H₄, with a good durability at −1.0 V vs. RHE. The results suggest that the interaction between CuO and the two-dimensional g-C₃N₄ planes promoted CO₂ adsorption, its activation and C-C coupling. This work offers a practical method that can be used to enhance the activity of electrochemical CO₂R and the selectivity of C₂ products through synergistic effects.     

High Monocyte Count Associated with Human Cytomegalovirus Replication In Vivo and Glucocorticoid Therapy May Be a Hallmark of Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) syndrome and infectious disease are defined as pathogen detection with appropriate clinical symptoms, but there are not pathognomonic signs of CMV disease. Although the prodrome of acute minor viral infections leukopenia (lymphopenia and neutropenia) is noted with onset of fever, followed by monocytosis, the role of monocytosis in CMV disease has not been described. Furthermore, under influence of corticosteroid therapy, CMV reactivation and monocytosis are described, but without a strict relationship with steroids dose. In the study, the monocyte level was investigated during the CMV infectious process. Regrettably, a non-selected group of 160 patients with high CMV viremia showed high dispersion of monocyte level and comparable with the median value for healthy subjects. Therefore, we investigated monocyte level in CMV-infected patients in relation to the logarithmic phase of the infectious process. Samples from patients with active CMV replication (exponential growth of CMV viremia) were tested. Significant monocytosis (above 1200/µL) during the logarithmic phase of CMV infection (with exponent between 3.23 and 5.77) was observed. Increased count and percentage of monocytes correlated with viral replication in several clinical situations except when there was a rapid recovery without relapse. Furthermore, glucocorticoids equivalent to 10 and 20 mg of dexamethasone during a 2–3-week period caused monocytosis—significant increase (to 1604 and 2214/µL, respectively). Conclusion: In light of the logarithmic increase of viral load, high monocytosis is a hallmark of CMV replication. In the COVID-19 era, presence of high virus level, especially part of virome (CMV) in the molecular technique, is not sufficient for the definition of either proven or probable CMV replication at any site. These preliminary observations merit additional studies to establish whether this clinical response is mediated by monocyte production or by decrease of differentiation to macrophages.     

Engineering Bio-Adhesives Based on Protein–Polysaccharide Phase Separation

Glue-type bio-adhesives are in high demand for many applications, including hemostasis, wound closure, and integration of bioelectronic devices, due to their injectable ability and in situ adhesion. However, most glue-type bio-adhesives cannot be used for short-term tissue adhesion due to their weak instant cohesion. Here, we show a novel glue-type bio-adhesive based on the phase separation of proteins and polysaccharides by functionalizing polysaccharides with dopa. The bio-adhesive exhibits increased adhesion performance and enhanced phase separation behaviors. Because of the cohesion from phase separation and adhesion from dopa, the bio-adhesive shows excellent instant and long-term adhesion performance for both organic and inorganic substrates. The long-term adhesion strength of the bio-glue on wet tissues reached 1.48 MPa (shear strength), while the interfacial toughness reached ~880 J m⁻². Due to the unique phase separation behaviors, the bio-glue can even work normally in aqueous environments. At last, the feasibility of this glue-type bio-adhesive in the adhesion of various visceral tissues in vitro was demonstrated to have excellent biocompatibility. Given the convenience of application, biocompatibility, and robust bio-adhesion, we anticipate the bio-glue may find broad biomedical and clinical applications.     

Molecular Clues to Understanding Causes of Human-Assisted Reproduction Treatment Failures and Possible Treatment Options

More than forty years after the first birth following in vitro fertilization (IVF), the success rates of IVF and of IVF-derived assisted reproduction techniques (ART) still remain relatively low. Interindividual differences between infertile couples and the nature of the problems underlying their infertility appear to be underestimated nowadays. Consequently, the molecular basis of each couple’s reproductive function and of its disturbances is needed to offer an individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to each couple, instead of applying a standard or minimally adapted protocols to everybody. Interindividual differences include sperm and oocyte function and health status, early (preimplantation) embryonic development, the optimal window of uterine receptivity for the implanting embryo, the function of the corpus luteum as the main source of progesterone production during the first days of pregnancy, the timing of the subsequent luteoplacental shift in progesterone production, and aberrant reactions of the uterine immune cells to the implanting and recently implanted embryos. In this article, the molecular basis that underlies each of these abnormalities is reviewed and discussed, with the aim to design specific treatment options to be used for each of them.     

Various Approaches to Studying the Phase Transition in an Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Crystal: From X-ray Structural Analysis to Metadynamics

The structure, thermodynamic parameters, and the character of thermal motion in octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) were investigated using the combination of experimental (single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermochemistry) and theoretical (density functional theory calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics and metadynamics) methods. Single crystals of D4 were grown in a glass capillary in situ and the structures of high- (238–270 K) and low-temperature (100–230 K) phases were studied in detail. In the temperature interval 230–238 K, a phase transition with rather low enthalpy (−1.04(7) kcal/mol) was detected. It was found that phase transition is accompanied by change of conformation of cyclosiloxane moiety from boat-saddle (cradle) to chair. According to PBE0/6-311G(d,p) calculation of isolated D4, such conformation changes are characterized by a low barrier (0.07 kcal/mol). The character of molecular thermal motion and the path of phase transition were established with combination of periodic DFT calculations, including molecular dynamics and metadynamics. The effect of crystal field led to an increase in the calculated phase transition barrier (4.27 kcal/mol from low- to high-temperature phase and 3.20 kcal/mol in opposite direction).     

R134a气体水合物蓄冷实验研究

以Ｒ１３４ａ为工质,对温－压相图进行了校核,对水合物的生成和融解进行了观察,对正丁醇含量对水合物的影响进行实验研究,确定Ｒ１３４ａ作为气体水合物蓄冷工质的可行性。     

新型煤矿救援机器人研发与试验

煤矿井下是典型的低照度场景,为了解决一般摄像头在此环境下因特征提取不足导致跟踪失败的问题,提出了一种融合图像增强算法与多通道背景感知相关滤波器的低照度单目标跟踪器。采用增广拉格朗日方法来求解图像增强与目标跟踪的优化问题;提出采用目标区域光照均值判定方法来解决局部环境光源对目标亮度判别干扰的问题;设定亮度判据,实现单帧图像亮度判别与增强,保证了跟踪器在光照变化时提取目标特征的完好性。仿真实验验证了在暗光条件下,该跟踪器的跟踪准确度与重合度远高于一般的主流跟踪器。现场试验结果表明,该跟踪器实时帧率可达40 Hz,平均跟踪重叠精度为81.6%,有效地解决了机器人采用普通摄像头在煤矿低照度环境下的目标跟踪问题。