侧链多阳离子型氟化聚芴醚阴离子交换膜及其全钒液流电池性能

阳离子基团的分布对阴离子交换膜的微观相态和阴离子传导率有显著的影响.为开发全钒液流电池用高性能阴离子交换膜,本文通过向含有二甲胺基团的氟化聚芴醚前驱体接枝含阳离子烷基链的方式,合成了具有相似离子交换容量的一系列侧链多阳离子型氟化聚芴醚.实验结果表明,多阳离子侧链的引入能促进微观相分离的形成并提升阴离子传导率.同时,侧链...     

圆轴直径的自动视觉精密检测

介绍一种圆轴直径的自动视觉精密检测方法。首先通过对圆轴图像边缘像素进行线性拟合,把圆轴两条边缘定位到亚像素精度;然后运用细化技术,求得圆轴的中轴骨架;最后通过从中轴线上的一点引出垂线求得交于两条边缘交点的方法计算直径并与标准值比较。实验表明,本系统精度高,稳定性强,速度快。     

丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的合成工艺改进

采用充分干燥的丙烯酸钠盐为原料和减压抽滤的后处理方法,对传统丙烯酸缩水甘油酯合成工艺进行改进。探讨了丙烯酸钠纯度、含水量、催化剂及阻聚剂品种、反应条件、减压抽滤时蒸馏压力等因素对丙烯酸缩水甘油酯收率的影响。结果表明,当丙烯酸钠纯度99％以上,含水量小于0．5％,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为催化剂,对苯二酚为阻聚剂,环氧氯丙烷与丙烯酸钠摩尔比为4．5：1,反应温度100～105℃,反应时间2．5h,减压蒸馏压力0．097MPa时,丙烯酸缩水甘油酯收率达92％以上。     

Constructal optimization for an organic fluid shell-and-tube condenser based on entransy theory

A complex function composed of linear weighted sum of the entransy dissipation rate (EDR) caused by heat transfer and total pumping power is established in this paper. Under the conditions of fixed total condensation rate and heat transfer area, constructal optimization of a shell-and-tube condenser (STC) with organic fluid is carried out by taking minimum complex function as optimization objective. The minimum complex function and the optimal external diameter of the condensation tube are obtained. The results show that compared with the initial design construct, the optimal construct of the STC increases the total EDR caused by heat transfer by 10.70%, and reduces the total pumping power and complex function by 54.94% and 6.46%, respectively. This illustrates that the complex function sacrifices a certain heat transfer performance, and improves the fluid flow performance evidently, which leads to the overall performance improvement of the STC. The twice minimization of the complex function can be realized by choosing an appropriate number of the condensation tubes. New guidelines for the optimal structure designs of the STCs are provided by introducing entransy theory into constructal optimizations of the organic fluid STCs, and this method can be further extended to the optimal designs of the cycle systems with organic fluids.     

探针系统反应特性与参数选择研究

用于流场测量的探针针孔孔径小,压力反应缓慢,影响试验精度和进度。本文提出了探针系统针孔压力给定测量粗度的反应时间的计算方法,对三种系统测定水流场和测定空气流场的反应特性进行了比较,分析了压力反应时间的影响因素,给出了合理的系统和系统参数,以提高测试精度,缩短试验时间。     

两相区部分奥氏体化对连续退火双相钢相变过程的影响

将连续退火双相钢部分奥氏体化与完全奥氏体化后的CCT曲线进行对比分析,讨论了部分奥氏体化的影响。结果表明:部分奥氏体化后,该钢铁素体和贝氏体转变区的范围扩大,珠光体转变受到抑制且晶粒尺寸减小,马氏体转变的开始温度从368℃下降到349℃;部分奥氏体化时马氏体的转变温度区域大于完全奥氏体化时的。     

A Novel Approach for Warhead Fragments Velocity Measurement Based on Laser Screen

The velocity of warhead fragment is key criteria to determine its mutilation efficiency.We have designed an optoelectronic system to accurately measure the average velocity of warhead fragments.The apparatus including two parallel laser screens spaced apart at a known fixed distance for providing time measurement start and stop signals.The large effective screen area is formed by laser source,retro-reflector and large area photo-diode with a central hole.Whenever a moving fragment interrupts two optical screen,the corresponding photometers senses the event,due to partial obscuration of the incident energy.Experiments have been performed to measure velocity of the different kinds of projectiles and fragments within various size and velocity ranges,including 7.62 mm bullet shooting experiments,prefabricated steel-ball exploding experiments.They were proved that the system is adequate to measure the velocity of larger than 5 mm,less than 1 000 m/s in the range,when fixed trajectory,test the velocity of the projectile average relative deviation is less than 4.21%.The system can perform satisfactorily with a lot of advantages such as larger effective light screen area,quick response speed,low uncertainty,strong repetition and reliability,etc.     

基于专家CAD平台的坐标测量机实例库技术与面向MC的产品设计

基于专家CAD平台的坐标测量机实例库技术以设计单元实例类为核心,用设计单元的分级层次结构组织实例库。实例类以设计单元为载体,是设计单元的抽象,提供了设计单元的属性及检索、修改等方面的信息。该设计单元实例库以商用CAD系统与专家系统集成构成的专家CAD系统作为平台。在该系统的GUI下,设计人员的经验和启发式思维方式直接面向专家系统,通过实例检索和约束设计进行设计单元实例的修改,方便快捷地完成定制产品的设计。该系统在一定程度上实现了坐标测量机面向大规模定制制造的设计理念。     

基于MSP430的微芯片示踪器电路系统

针对钻井工程需求,设计了一种基于MSP430G2553的微芯片示踪器电路系统,可以用于温度和压力的随钻测量。采用MSP430G2553作为总控制器,并利用控制器片上A/D转换器、Flash存储器和振荡器,实现数据采集、处理和存储;压阻式压力传感器EPB直径仅为3.2 mm,温度传感器LM75集成了传感器和模数转换器,温度数据读取方便。系统设计紧凑、性能稳定、体积小和功耗低,并具有较高的耐温性能。     

直线超声电动机驱动的平面3-PRR并联平台视觉精密定位

提出一种直线超声电动机驱动的平面3-PRR并联平台,研究并联平台视觉精密定位技术。给出并联平台结构并采用矢量链法得到并联平台运动学模型。针对并联平台动平台位姿测量问题,利用视觉系统作为反馈单元,通过图像处理技术对动平台上的人工特征中心定位,实现对动平台位姿精确测量;针对传统PID关节控制器在实际控制中问题,采用基于扰动观测器的并联平台支链控制器模型。试验结果表明：对于目标位置为(20 mm,20 mm),并联平台半闭环控制精度约为±500 µm,而通过视觉定位精度达到±5 µm。视觉定位较半闭环控制大幅提高了并联平台定位精度,能够满足并联平台大行程、高精度定位的需求。