Proximity effects of a layered periodic structure on miniaturization of patch antennas

A miniaturized microstrip antenna on a planar layered periodic structure is proposed, designed and fabricated. The proposed structure miniaturizes patch antennas in the microwave band. With varying the parameters of the proposed structure, the achieved miniaturization factor can be adjusted in the range 2.6–4.2. Numerical and experimental results are presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.     

Statistical analysis of manual segmentations of structures in medical images

The problem of extracting anatomical structures from medical images is both very important and difficult. In this paper we are motivated by a new paradigm in medical image segmentation, termed Citizen Science, which involves a volunteer effort from multiple, possibly non-expert, human participants. These contributors observe 2D images and generate their estimates of anatomical boundaries in the form of planar closed curves. The challenge, of course, is to combine these different estimates in a coherent fashion and to develop an overall estimate of the underlying structure. Treating these curves as random samples, we use statistical shape theory to generate joint inferences and analyze this data generated by the citizen scientists. The specific goals in this analysis are: (1) to find a robust estimate of the representative curve that provides an overall segmentation, (2) to quantify the level of agreement between segmentations, both globally (full contours) and locally (parts of contours), and (3) to automatically detect outliers and help reduce their influence in the estimation. We demonstrate these ideas using a number of artificial examples and real applications in medical imaging, and summarize their potential use in future scenarios.     

Performance analysis of fractional order fuzzy PID controllers applied to a robotic manipulator

A two-link robotic manipulator is a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO), highly nonlinear and coupled system. Therefore, designing an efficient controller for this system is a challenging task for the control engineers. In this paper, the Fractional Order Fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOFPID) controller for a two-link planar rigid robotic manipulator for trajectory tracking problem is investigated. Robustness testing of FOFPID controller for model uncertainties, disturbance rejection and noise suppression is also investigated. To study the effectiveness of FOFPID controller, its performance is compared with other three controllers namely Fuzzy PID (FPID), Fractional Order PID (FOPID) and conventional PID. For tuning of parameters of all the controllers, Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) optimization technique was used. Two performance indices namely Integral of Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral of Absolute Change in Controller Output (IACCO) having equal weightage for both the links are considered for minimization. Numerical simulation results clearly indicate the superiority of FOFPID controller over the other controllers for trajectory tracking, model uncertainties, disturbance rejection and noise suppression.     

Perturbation sensitivity analysis of azimuth estimation of the acoustic source for the planar microphone array

Aiming at the requirements of quantitative analysis of the array scheme and positioning performance of a practical compact acoustic detection node system, the upper bound of the far-field azimuth estimation error for an arbitrary small-size planar array is derived and the four elements of the corresponding perturbation sensitivity factor with explicit physical significance are determined. It is proved that the perturbation sensitivity of the source direction-finding algorithm to the time difference of arrival (TDOA) estimates between microphones can be lowered obviously by means of increasing the number of distinct microphone pairs as well as employing spatially uniform distribution of array elements. Simulation results demonstrate that this study provides a quantitative approach to evaluating and comparing the azimuth estimation performance of different planar arrays.     

平面天线阵快速正交投影波束形成算法

针对大型平面天线阵列下样本数据含有期望信号时，正交投影（OP）波束形成算法不再适用的问题，提出一种新的基于阻塞矩阵的正交投影快速波束形成算法。该算法首先构造阻塞矩阵从样本信号中阻塞掉期望信号，再对阻塞后的样本信号进行施密特（GS）正交化得到重构后的干扰子空间，最后在此基础上实现正交投影波束形成。新算法适用于任意阵型的二维均匀平面阵，在小快拍数下能快速计算出自适应权重。仿真结果表明，无论是弱干扰信号还是强干扰信号，该算法都具有很好的抗干扰性能。     

Sub‐5 nm Dendrimer Directed Self‐Assembly with Large‐Area Uniform Alignment by Graphoepitaxy

Directed self‐assembly (DSA) using soft materials is an important method for producing periodic nanostructures because it is a simple, cost‐effective process for fabricating high‐resolution patterns. Most of the previously reported DSA methods exploit the self‐assembly of block copolymers, which generates a wide range of nanostructures. In this study, cylinders obtained from supramolecular dendrimer films with a high resolution (<5 nm) exhibit planar ordering over a macroscopic area via guiding topographical templates with a high aspect ratio (>10) and high spatial resolution (≈20 nm) of guiding line patterns. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal that this property is related to geometrical anchoring on the meniscus region and physical surface anchoring on the sidewall. Furthermore, this DSA of dendrimer cylinders is demonstrated by the non‐regular geometry of the patterned template. The macroscopic planar alignment of the dendrimer nanostructure reveals an extremely small feature size (≈4.7 nm) on the wafer scale (>16 cm²). This study is expected to open avenues for the production of a large family of supramolecular dendrimers with different phases and feature dimensions oriented by the DSA approach.     

发动机配气凸轮轮廓曲线设计与研究

配气凸轮作为配气系统的核心零部件,其轮廓曲线的设计是整个配气机构设计的关键。通过对Solid Works软件进行二次开发,得出一种配气凸轮轮廓曲线的参数化设计方法。此方法能够满足精度要求较高的凸轮轮廓曲线设计,为发动机配气凸轮轮廓线的设计提供了一种依据。     

泛亚C14发动机配气机构单阀系动力学分析

利用TYCON软件分别分析评价了C14配气机构中凸轮与平面挺柱之间的动力学关系、气阀落座情况、气阀弹簧各有效圈动力特性等。     

台达20PM运动控制器在包装膜打孔机上的应用

台达20PM运动控制器及伺服驱动系统已被应用于食品包装膜打孔机。应用实例表明，采用基于非周期凸轮控制模式和CAMTABLE表的高速交流伺服驱动来代替快速气缸打孔是一种极佳的解决方案。该文简介了该打孔机控制系统的构成，着重分析了追剪和高速比较与捕捉功能这两个控制要素和部分应用程序。     

Dislocation slip and twinning in Ni-based L12 type alloys

We report theoretical results on dislocation slip and twinning in Ni₃ (Al, Ti, Ta, Hf) compositions with L1₂ crystal structures utilizing first-principles simulations. The lattice parameters of Ni₃Al, Ni₃Al_0.75Ta_0.25, Ni₃Al_0.5Ta_0.5, Ni₃Ta, Ni₃Ti and Ni₃Al_0.75Hf_0.25 are calculated, and the crystal structures with lower structural energies are determined. We established the Generalized Stacking Fault Energy (GSFE) and Generalized Planar Fault Energy (GPFE), and calculated stacking fault energies APB (anti-phase boundary) and CSF (complex stacking fault) matched other calculations and experiments. Based on the extended Peierls–Nabarro model for slip and the proposed twin nucleation model, we predict slip and twinning stress and the results show a general agreement with available experimental data. The results show that in the studied intermetallic alloys, twinning stress is lower than slip stress; Ta and Hf ternary addition are substantial to increase flow stress in Ni₃Al. The models proposed in the paper provide quantitative understanding and guidelines for selecting optimal precipitate chemistry and composition to obtain higher mechanical strength in Shape Memory Alloys.