制浆造纸业蒸汽价格及能源优化利用的探讨

制浆造纸业,如何确定其自备电厂蒸汽价格历来都有争议,不同的蒸汽价格直接影响余热回收或其他节能措施的经济效益,会对决策层在选择使用能源种类、节能技术等问题上犯难,有时还会造成决策错误。本文介绍了一种计算新增或节降蒸汽的使用成本或价格的方法,指出了纸厂常用的低压或中压蒸汽的价格水平,并以此为依据对气罩余热回收的经济效益做了分析,同时还根据能源梯级利用的原则,对制冷、热风干燥、热风干燥的余热回收、污泥干化、靴压改造及蒸汽箱的应用等过程的能源使用进行了探讨。     

Hydrodistillation condition adjustment for different material particle sizes: a method to increase batch‐to‐batch quality consistency

Varying material particle sizes represent a common contributing factor to the batch‐to‐batch variation of extraction yields. To increase the batch‐to‐batch quality consistency of extracts, a method was proposed to adjust the extraction conditions for different material particle sizes, taking the hydrodistillation extraction process of Radix Curcumae and Fructus Gardeniae as a case study. Statistical models were built for five sesquiterpenes including curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone and furanodienone, to quantitatively describe the effects of particle size and process parameters on their extraction yields. An increase in sodium chloride concentration remarkably increased the yields of curcumenone and curcumenol, and a larger solvent‐to‐solid ratio increased the yields of five sesquiterpenes. Under the adjusted process parameters for two different particle sizes, the yield for each compound was controlled to fall in the 90–110% target range. The proposed method can be applied to various extraction processes of foods and herbal medicines.     

Guidance for Exposure and Risk Evaluation for Bystanders and Residents exposed to Plant Protection Products during and after Application

Plant protection products are applied in agriculture and horticulture in areas that may be accessible to the public. This means that individuals might be exposed who are not actively involved in the application of these products. The individual may be temporarily located in the vicinity of the application (the so-called ‘bystander’) or working or living in the vicinity of the application (the so-called ‘resident’). In this guidance paper scenarios for the evaluation of exposure associated with plant protection product application for bystanders and for residents (including children) are described. Received: June 20, 2008; accepted: June 26, 2008     

烟草与药用植物罗勒远缘杂交后代的细胞学研究

利用普通烟草Hicks与药用植物罗勒杂交后代Hicks×罗勒的F1代花粉母细胞进行减数分裂观察和F2代根尖细胞进行核型分析。研究结果表明:科间杂种后代的染色体数目为不固定的数值,具有非整倍性,且整倍体与非整倍体共处于同一植株体内。从花粉母细胞的形态结构来看,出现一些异常,有“8”字形、“O”形多价体及一些单价体。对2n=38的一组根尖细胞的核型分析发现,第6对染色体为一个三价体,还发现一个单价体,且带有随体,其核型为2B,核型公式2n=38=26m+8sm+1Ш+1Ι。     

Plant‐oil‐based lubricants and hydraulic fluids

It is estimated that, at present, approximately 50% of all lubricants sold worldwide end up in the environment via total loss applications, volatility, spills or accidents. More than 95% of these materials are currently mineral oil based. In view of their high ecotoxicity and low biodegradability, mineral oil‐based lubricants constitute a considerable threat to the environment. In contrast, most lubricants and hydraulic fluids based on plant oils are rapidly and completely biodegradable and are of low ecotoxicity; moreover, lubricants based on plant oils display excellent tribological properties and generally have very high viscosity indices and flashpoints. However, in order to compete with mineral‐oil‐based products, some of their inherent disadvantages must be corrected, such as their sensitivity to hydrolysis and oxidative attack, and their behaviour at low temperatures. Various methods to improve the undesirable properties of native plant oils will be discussed. In parallel, government regulations that encourage or enforce the use of bio‐based fluids, at least in ecologically sensitive areas, will help to increase their market share. Using the numerous possibilities for selective breeding and/or chemical improvement of the double bond systems of natural fatty acids by increased R&D, the major obstacles regarding the use of plant‐based raw materials for the production of lubricant base fluids can be overcome and bio‐based fluids should expect a future with increasing market shares. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

植物多糖生物活性功能的研究进展

主要介绍了植物多糖的生物活性功能,如免疫调节、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、抗辐射、抗病毒、抗疲劳、抗衰老等.介绍了近年来植物多糖的研究进展.     

植物生长调节剂对希姆劳特葡萄果实性状的影响

以3年生希姆劳特葡萄为试材,用葡萄膨大王(0.2%CPPU)、0.1%芸苔素内酯、20%赤霉素3种植物生长调节剂混合处理希姆劳特葡萄果实。以果粒重、果汁可溶性固形物及可滴定酸3项主要指标作为评价因素,应用灰色系统理论进行综合评价。结果表明:0.2mg/L芸苔素内酯 1.5mg/L处理综合效果最好,其次是50mg/L赤霉素。     

玻璃纤维与植物纤维的配抄性能研究

本文通过对在不同处理剂浓度下不同比例的玻璃纤维与植物纤维混合配抄出来的成纸物理性能进行研究和比较，得出了较佳的处理剂浓度和玻璃纤维与植物纤维的混抄比例与成纸物理性能的对应关系。     

广西的竹子及制浆造纸

广西的气候和自然条件特别适合于竹子的生长。利用竹子生长快、周期短、可再生和一次造林、年年受益等特点，发展竹浆造纸，可弥补我国木浆不足。本文综述了广西竹材的纤维特性、化学成分、蒸煮技术、漂白工艺等。