Locking‐free discontinuous finite elements for the upper bound yield design of thick plates

This work investigates the formulation of finite elements dedicated to the upper bound kinematic approach of yield design or limit analysis of Reissner–Mindlin thick plates in shear‐bending interaction. The main novelty of this paper is to take full advantage of the fundamental difference between limit analysis and elasticity problems as regards the class of admissible virtual velocity fields. In particular, it has been demonstrated for 2D plane stress, plane strain or 3D limit analysis problems that the use of discontinuous velocity fields presents a lot of advantages when seeking for accurate upper bound estimates. For this reason, discontinuous interpolations of the transverse velocity and the rotation fields for Reissner–Mindlin plates are proposed. The subsequent discrete minimization problem is formulated as a second‐order cone programming problem and is solved using the industrial software package MOSEK . A comprehensive study of the shear‐locking phenomenon is also conducted, and it is shown that discontinuous elements avoid such a phenomenon quite naturally whereas continuous elements cannot without any specific treatment. This particular aspect is confirmed through numerical examples on classical benchmark problems and the so‐obtained upper bound estimates are confronted to recently developed lower bound equilibrium finite elements for thick plates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fabrication Agency: Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall

Advances in computation challenge established design approaches in architecture through a much deeper integration of form generation and materialisation. Tobias Schwinn , Research Associate at the Institute for Computational Design (ICD), University of Stuttgart, and Guest-Editor Achim Menges , Director of the ICD, introduce how the potentials and constraints of robotic fabrication can now be explored as generative drivers in agent-based design. This enables architectural innovation in unison with fabricability, structural capacity and spatial performance, as demonstrated by the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall in Schwäbisch Gmu"nd, Germany, the world's first building with a robotically fabricated segmented timber shell as its primary structure.     

预应力碳纤维板加固组合箱梁应用研究

目前,纤维材料已广泛应用于工程结构加固中.采用预应力碳纤维板加固受弯构件,可以充分发挥碳纤维板材料的强度,提高结构的正常使用性能和极限承载能力.在自主研发的一套预应力碳纤维板平板锚具的基础上,采用预应力碳纤维板成功应用于某一大桥组合箱梁加固中.结果表明,和加固前相比,整体刚度提升了20％左右;从挠度数据来看,和粘钢加固方法效果没有明显差异;但从应变数据来看,采用预应力碳纤维进行加固有效降低了应变幅值.     

不锈钢节点板连接件数值分析

尽管不锈钢和碳素钢的力学性能有本质区别,然而,现行规范规定不锈钢连接设计时仍基本遵循碳素钢的设计准则,仅在此基础上稍作修改。对于常见的角钢单肢与加固板连接的情况,EN1993-1-4以及SCI/欧盟不锈钢设计手册对不锈钢的设计规定,直接采用了EN1993-1-8对碳素钢净截面承载力的设计规定,且未作任何修改。对单肢与加固板采用单排螺栓连接的L型不锈钢的净截面承载力进行了研究。建立奥氏体不锈钢的数值模型,并利用现有的试验结果对其进行了验证。这些模型随后用于进行参数研究。最后,基于研究结果对L型不锈钢净截面承载力的设计方程进行了修正,并通过统计分析验证了该方程可靠性。     

竖向荷载下挤扩支盘桩试验成果分析

通过6根挤扩支盘桩的静载试验和桩身应力及桩端反力测试试验成果，分析挤扩支盘桩在竖向荷载下的变形受力特征，给出了对工程实践有指导意义的结论。     

钛合金板抗12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹厚度效应试验研究

采用12.7 mm穿甲燃烧弹对不同厚度的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金板进行厚度效应试验,研究钛合金板厚度对其防护能力的影响。采用等重钢总穿深及防护系数的方法考核其抗弹性能。结果表明,钛合金板抗小口径枪弹(12.7 mm穿燃弹)板厚在10~30 mm间厚度效应呈现正效应。     

VB软件在精馏实验数据处理中的应用

通过VB软件采用常用的逐板计算法,运用VB软件强大的运算功能,结合计算机辅助计算的思路,给出了乙醇-正丙醇二元理想物系筛板精馏塔的理论板数和总板效率的求解方法,计算过程智能化、操作简便、结果准确,免去了粗糙、繁琐、耗时的手工计算,该方法对化工原理的教学有重要的意义。     

聚合物膜燃料电池NG/PF复合双极板研究

以热塑性酚醛树脂(PF树脂)、天然鳞片石墨(NG)为主要原料,采用模压工艺制备了NG/PF复合双极板。考察了不同PF质量百分含量以及不同模压压力对双极板性能的影响。研究发现当PF质量百分含量为10%、模压压力为70MPa时,制得双极板的综合性能最佳,而且可很好满足聚合物膜燃料电池双极板要求。     

A novel flow field with controllable pressure gradient to enhance mass transport and water removal of PEM fuel cells

An easily machined novel flow field with controllable pressure gradient across adjacent channels was designed and a two dimensional, across-the-channel, two-phase model was developed to study the gas transport and water removal of the novel configuration. The effect of channel-rib width ratio, GDL thickness and pressure gradient on the profiles of oxygen concentration and water saturation within the GDL were investigated. Special attention was paid to the mechanisms of the promoted mass transport and water removal rates under a pressure gradient. The model was validated by experiments with various channel-rib ratios and GDL thicknesses at different operating pressure. The results revealed that, oxygen concentration was increased, and the water saturation was reduced under the rib with a pressure gradient generated across the adjacent channels. The optimal pressure gradient is between 0.1 to 0.2 atm for the studied channel geometry and configuration. The mechanisms of the improved cell performance were elucidated.     

中厚钢板侧弯的形成原因分析

基于4辊中厚板轧机,分析了坯料楔形、温度分布不均匀、轧机两侧刚度存在差异、推床对中不正、轧辊辊形和APC及AGC方式对中厚板侧弯的影响,得知温度分布不均匀、推床对中不正和轧辊辊形对侧弯影响较大,是今后控制侧弯的重要因素.这些分析对今后侧弯的控制方法提供一定的理论依据.通过首钢中厚板厂的应用实践,上述分析得到很好验证.