振动力场作用下聚合物挤出制品结构与性能的质量控制与优化

利用实验数据，分析与研究振动场振动参数对聚合物挤出制品质量的影响，对聚合物挤出制品的熔体流动速率，微晶结构，拉伸强度等主要性能质量指标，建立以振动频率为主要控制变量的神经网络模型，并引入信息分配模型，探讨了一个网络输入节点下神经网络学习样本的特征提取与优化。实验结果表明，经过信息预处理的学习样本，可以使网络有更好的收敛效果。     

Network topology and the theory of rubber elasticity

The earliest investigations on rubber elasticity, commencing in the 19th century, were necessarily limited to phenomenological interpretations. The realisation that polymers consist of very long molecular chains. commencing c. 1930, gave impetus to the molecular theory of rubber elasticity (1932-). according to which the high deformability of an elastomer, and the elastic force generated by deformation, stem from the configurations accessible to long molecular chains. Theories of rubber elasticity put forward from 1934-1946 relied on the assumption that the junctions of the rubber network undergo displacements that are affine in macroscopic strain. The theory of James and Guth (1947) dispensed with this premise, and demonstrated instead that the mean positions of the junctions of a ‘phantom’ network consisting of Gaussian chains devoid of material properties are affine in the strain. The vital significance of the distinction between the actual distribution of chain vectors in a network and their distribution if the junctions would be fixed at their mean positions went unnoticed for nearly 30 years. Experimental investigations, commencing with the incisive work of Gee in 1946. revealed large departures from the relationship of stress to strain predicted by the theories cited. This discrepancy prompted extensive studies, theoretical and experimental, during succeeding years. Inquiry into the fundamentals of polymer networks, formed for example by interlinking very long polymer molecules, exposed the need to take account of network imperfections, typically consisting of chains attached at only one end to a network junction. Various means were advocated to make corrections for these imperfections. The cycle rank ζ of the network has been shown (1976) to be the fundamental measure of its connectivity, regardless of the junction functionality and pattern of imperfections. Often overlooked is the copious interpenetration of the chains comprising typical elastomeric networks. Theories that attempt to represent such networks on a lattice are incompatible with this universal feature. Moreover, the dense interpenetration of chains may limit the ability of junctions in real networks to accommodate the fluctuations envisaged in the theory of phantom networks. It was suggested in 1975 that departures from the form predicted for the elastic equation of state are due to constraints on the fluctuations of junctions whose effect diminishes with deformation and with dilation. Formulation of a self-consistent theory based on this suggestion required recognition of the non-affine connection between the chain vector distribution function and the macroscopic strain in a real network, which may partake of characteristics of a phantom network in some degree. Implementation of the idea was achieved through postulation of domains of constraint affecting the equilibrium distribution of fluctuations of network junctions from their mean positions. This led in due course to a theory that accounts for the relationship of stress to strain virtually throughout the ranges of strain accessible to measurement. The theory establishes connections between structure and elastic properties. This is achieved with utmost frugality in arbitrary parameters.     

日产NHR-90W型催化剂失活原因分析

对日产NHR -90W催化剂在抚顺石化分公司石油二厂 6万t/a石蜡加氢装置运行情况进行了研究 ,证明该催化剂活性较高 ,对原料的适应性也较强。同时 ,对造成催化剂短期内失活的原因进行了分析 ,认为原料中铁离子含量过高是造成催化剂失活的主要原因。对相关装置生产控制提出了建议     

甲基丙烯酸乙酯合成工艺研究

以大孔强酸性离子交换树脂为催化剂,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)与乙醇直接酯化合成甲基丙烯酸乙酯(EMA)。在MAA与乙醇摩尔比为1:3、反应温度89～93℃、空速0.3h~(-1)的条件下,MAA转化率不低于98％,EMA的选择性不低于99％。     

光漂白法制备有机聚合物非线性定向耦合器

研究了用光漂白的方法制备PMMA/DR1聚合物非线性定向耦合器,提出了一种容易的制备方法来得到要求的耦合长度.测量了材料的光学非线性对定向耦合器两臂透过率的影响.实验结果表明由于光学非线性,耦合器的耦合长度随着入射光强度的改变而发生变化.     

用膜电解法处理低浓度SO2吸收液的三室电解槽材料的选择

提出了用膜电解法处理低浓度SO2吸收液的方法，介绍了三室电解槽的设计原理及在电场作用下，电解槽内离子的迁移和电解反应机理，系统地讨论了电解槽组成单元材料（如阳离子交换器）的选择及在H2SO4－NaHSO3-Na2SO3体系中金属阳极的选择等，并进行了试验验证，得到了很好的结果。     

Preparation of Laminin-apatite-polymer Composites Using Metastable Calcium Phosphate Solutions

A synthetic polymer with a laminin-apatite composite layer on its surface would be useful as a percutaneous device. The preparation of such a composite was attempted in the present study using poly（ ethylene terephthalate ） （PET） and polyethylene （PE） as the synthetic polymer. PET and PE plates and those pretreated with an oxygen plasma were alternately dipped in calcium and phosphate ion solutions, and then immersed in a metastable calcium phosphate solution supplemented with laminin （ LCP solution ）. The PET and PE plates pretreated with an oxygen plasma formed a uniform and continuous layer of a laminin-apatite composite on their surfaces. In contrast, the PET and PE plates that had not been pretreated with an oxygen plasma did not form a continuous layer of a laminin-apatite composite on their surfaces. The hydrophilic functional groups on the PET and PE surfaces introduced by the plasma treatment were responsible for the successful laminin-apatite coruposite coating.     

Clarification of a wheat straw‐derived medium with ion‐exchange resins for xylitol crystallization

BACKGROUND: Xylitol bioproduction from lignocellulosic residues comprises hydrolysis of the hemicellulose, detoxification of the hydrolysate, bioconversion of the xylose, and recovery of xylitol from the fermented hydrolysate. There are relatively few reports on xylitol recovery from fermented media. In the present study, ion‐exchange resins were used to clarify a fermented wheat straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate, which was then vacuum‐concentrated and submitted to cooling in the presence of ethanol for xylitol crystallization. RESULTS: Sequential adsorption into two anion‐exchange resins (A‐860S and A‐500PS) promoted considerable reductions in the content of soluble by‐products (up to 97.5%) and in medium coloration (99.5%). Vacuum concentration led to a dark‐colored viscous solution that inhibited xylitol crystallization. This inhibition could be overcome by mixing the concentrated medium with a commercial xylitol solution. Such a strategy led to xylitol crystals with up to 95.9% purity. The crystallization yield (43.5%) was close to that observed when using commercial xylitol solution (51.4%). CONCLUSION: The experimental data demonstrate the feasibility of using ion‐exchange resins followed by cooling in the presence of ethanol as a strategy to promote the fast recovery and purification of xylitol from hemicellulose‐derived fermentation media. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

高分子纳米LB膜的制备及其光刻性能研究

合成并表征了N-十六烷基丙烯酰胺（HDA）和对叔丁基苯酚甲基丙烯酸酯（BPhMA）的共聚物p（HDA-BPhMA）s。当HDA含量较高时，共聚物可在气，液界面上形成稳定，排列紧密的单分子薄膜，并可以Y型膜的方式沉积在各种固体基片上，形成多层均匀的Langrnuir-Blodgett（LB）膜。这种LB膜被成功地应用于光刻，获得了分辨率为0.5μm的LB膜图形。以该图形为抗蚀层，可将图形进一步转移至金属薄膜上，得到分辨率较高的金属图形，在图形转移的过程中，这种LB膜显示出较高的抗蚀性，有望作为纳米抗蚀薄膜材料在亚微米刻蚀领域得到应用。