Pore Propagation Directions in P+ Porous Silicon

A comparative study is presented on the pore propagation directions of porous silicon layers (PSL) formed on p⁺-type substrates of different orientations. PSLs were formed on plain (0 0 1) and (1 1 1) silicon wafers as well as on structured (0 0 1) wafers containing facets of various orientations. During anodization, regular pores follow the 0 0 1 direction on the (0 0 1) planes. While on the (1 1 1) planes fewer regular pores develop and seemingly propagate closely to the 1 1 1 direction. These results indicate that the pores propagate perpendicular to the surface i.e. along the field lines when the surface orientation is either (0 0 1) or (1 1 1).When the silicon surface provided (1 1 0) orientation (Chuang, Collins, and Smith, 1989), or its position is in between the (0 0 1) and (1 1 1) planes then the pores do not propagate perpendicular to the surface but along the 0 0 1 direction.All the phenomena exhibited might be explained by presuming that during formation, the pores propagate along the 1 0 0 directions, and that those 1 0 0 directions are preferred which are closely to the field lines. In PSLs formed on (0 0 1) surfaces the field lines and the 0 0 1 crystallographic direction are coincident. However, in the (1 1 1) oriented wafer where three equally probable 1 0 0 directions exist around the field lines, more irregular structure of PSLs will develop.     

Relationship between processing,microstructure, and mechanical properties of injection molded thermotropic LCP

A commercial thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP), Vectra A950, was injection molded into rectangular sheets of thickness ranging from 1 to 4 mm. By changing the thickness of the mold, the shear rate experienced by the TLCP melt in the mold could be varied. The 1‐mm test sample was highly anisotropic while that with larger thickness (4 mm) was less anisotropic. X‐ray diffraction profile at various depths for each of the test sample corresponded to the degree in the fiber orientation present in the test samples. The anisotropy can be described macroscopically by measuring the tensile strength and modulus in the longitudinal and transverse direction. The ratio between the longitudinal and transverse property decreases proportionally to the thickness of the test sample. This reduction corresponded to the reduction in the shear field as the thickness of the mold was increased. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1713–1718, 2003     

Diffusion of ellipsoidal granular particles in shear flow

The diffusion of nonspherical particles has not been well understood due to the complexity of their contact mechanics and self-organization of their orientations. We perform discrete element method simulations of monodisperse ellipsoids in a shear flow with Lees-Edwards boundary conditions to quantify the relation between the diffusion coefficient and the flow parameters. The results indicate that the particle aspect ratio strongly affects the diffusion coefficient by influencing the particle orientation and alignment. We develop a scaling law for the diffusion coefficient perpendicular to the flow direction, D_yy, which combines the influences of the shear rate , the solids fraction f, the effective particle diameter d_eff and the particle aspect ratio Z. We show that , where k_d is a dimensionless pre-factor, and a fit is obtained for the functional form of χ(f, Z). This scaling law will be useful in developing continuum transport models for applications.     

使用贝叶斯分类的高考学业规划智能问答系统

考生在填报高考志愿时,针对复杂繁多的各类高校信息数据,传统的搜索引擎无法根据考生需要的实际信息和搜索结果进行匹配,考生还需要额外消耗一定精力去筛选数据,这无疑增加了考生的时间成本.为此本文提出了基于高考领域知识图谱,使用中文分词模型和朴素贝叶斯分类算法,设计并开发了针对高考学业规划的智能问答系统.与传统的搜索引擎不同的是,基于人工智能的问答系统能够对考生所关注的问题和搜索结果进行精确匹配,减少考生重复搜索和筛选数据的次数.测试结果表明,本系统可以对高考学业规划中所涉及的大多数问题进行相对准确的针对性回答.     

应用型本科院校学报发展定位的探讨

应用型本科院校的转型发展及当前出版业的改革形势,使学报的现实处境更加严峻。通过对应用型本科院校学报发展定位的剖析,认为必须遵循应用性与学术性、内向性与开放性相结合的原则,对学报办刊的目标、类型和层次、服务对象及特色等重新进行科学、合理的定位,学报应以应用型本科院校教职工为主要对象,成为助推院校及地方发展的应用型本科学报。     

丝绸之路经济带（中国段）节点城市空间差异及发展布局

“丝绸之路经济带”作为多维度的国家战略构想,是新政经周期下中国总体区域发展重大战略之一,而沿线城市点、带、群是推进该项重大战略实施的现实载体。当前,“丝绸之路经济带”战略下的城市定位,往往与区域自身发展及利益诉求并不完全吻合,亟待对区域总体特征及发展现实以理性认知,防范城市“标签化”的盲动倾向。以“丝绸之路经济带”沿线区域关键节点城市客观空间状况与基本产业布局概貌为基础,采用多层次综合测度模型定量评价各城市综合竞争力,提出采取差异化的“点-轴”式带动策略是推进经济带整体发展的建设性思路,并结合城市经济地理特征探讨节点城市未来的发展布局定位问题。     

Head Orientation Stability of Underwater Snake-Like Robot Swimming

In prior research,the orientation of head of the snake-like robot is changed according to the sinusoidal wave. To solve this problem,we propose Central Pattern Generator( CPG)-based control scheme with head-controller to stabilize the head of the underwater snake-like robot. The advantage of the CPG-based control scheme with head-controller is that the head of the underwater snake-like robot is direct to the target orientation during swimming. The relation between CPG parameters and orientation stability of head is discussed.The adaptation of the proposed method to environment changes is tested. The influences of CPG parameters and hydrodynamic forces on the orientation offset of head are investigated. The target orientation( the input of headcontroller) with an experimental optimization is calculated through a convenient method. To prove the feasibility of the proposed methodology,the different swimming modes have been implemented in our simulation platform.The results show that the oscillation of head’s orientation is inhibited effectively,and the proposed method has strong adaptation to environment and CPG parameters changes.     

Analysis and characterization of orientation structure of pre-oxidized PAN fibers in high magnetic fields

PAN fibers pre-oxidized at 240 ℃, 260 ℃, 280 ℃, 300 ℃ were treated in 8 T, 12 T, 16 T high magnetic fields, respectively. The experimental result implied that there were two kinds of magnetic units cyan and carbon-nitrogen heterocycle in pre-oxidized PAN fibers, and the movement of magnetic units resulted in changes of orientation structure of pre-oxidized PAN fibers in high magnetic fields. Overall orientation increased with increase of magnetic field intensity and extension of processing time, whereas change of crystalline orientation depended on magnetic field intensity and content of carbon-nitrogen heterocycle due to the competition of two magnetic units. Furthermore, magnetic fields induced the conversion from amorphous region to crystal region and improved crystalline properties of pre-oxidized PAN fibers.     

国际化视野下城市公共艺术案例研究

公共艺术是一个城市的名片,代表城市的形象,放大了城市的功能价值,因此,城市公共艺术建设越来越被关注和重视.国际上,人们对公共艺术功能的解读逐渐清晰,不再将其简单看作城市装饰品,而是更高地定位在创造和提升城市美学品质,注重物质文化消费,平衡生态环境,促进自然社会可持续发展等方面.通过对相关城市公共艺术案例的解读分析,试图揭示公共艺术的价值取向,营造理想的公共艺术文化生态.     

基于多目标优化的乘客电梯理想速度运行曲线确定方法

目的研究一种借助多目标优化模型求得电梯理想速度曲线的确定方法,解决乘客电梯快速性和舒适性问题．方法分析电梯实际运行方式,构建理想速度曲线组合模式;结合实际及相关国家标准,建立求取理想速度曲线参数的多目标优化模型;借助多目标遗传算法NS-GA-Ⅱ解得理想速度曲线参数的Pareto解集,并基于偏好进行区域划分．结果通过对电梯速度曲线参数的多目标优化求解,获得不同偏好的乘客电梯理想速度曲线．结论不同偏好、不同额定速度下电梯理想速度曲线对比分析结果表明,基于多目标优化的乘客电梯理想速度曲线确定方法在兼顾电梯运行的快速性及舒适性要求的同时为技术人员提供了多种可供选择的运行速度控制模式;对额定速度不高于3．5m／s的乘客电梯,其理想速度曲线可省去直线加速段以降低速度控制模式的复杂性．