水力振荡器在苏36-8-18H井的应用

在苏里格区块大规模开发天然气水平井施工过程中出现严重的托压、粘卡现象,尤其在滑动钻进过程中,无法保证给钻头施加真实、有效的钻压。为此,介绍了Andergauge公司生产的水力振荡器的结构及工作原理,以及其在苏36-8-18H井的应用情况。应用效果分析表明,水力振荡器在水平井中应用,把单纯的机械式加压改为机械与液力相结合的加压方式,为钻头提供了有效、真实的钻压,提高了机械钻速,缩短了钻井周期。     

Studies of poisson''s ratio variation for solid propellant grains under ignition pressure loading

For structural integrity evaluation of solid propellant grains, an accurate estimation of the stress and strain response is essential, because of the viscoelastic nature of the polymer material. The results of an investigation on solid propellant grains considering the effect of Poisson's ratio υ variation under ignition pressurization are presented. Traditionally the υ value of solid propellant grains is assumed to be a constant (e.g. 0.4999) to simplify the experimental task, but the real υ value is from 0.47 to 0.4999 depending on the chemical design of the solid propellant grains. In order to simulate the time–temperature-dependent behaviour of viscoelastic polymer materials for a range of Poisson's ratio values, the concepts of a time–temperature shift principle and reduced integration were used. In addition, eight different Poisson's ratio values from 0.47 to 0.4999 were assumed and compared using the finite element method. Results show that the Poisson's ratio variation effect is very important for structural integrity of solid propellant grains, and the stress and strain responses versus Poisson's ratio variation are nonlinear because the type of polymer material is changed from incompressible to compressible. Under ignition pressure loading, the stress and strain responses in the compressible case (υ≠0.5) are much higher than those of the incompressible case (υ0.5). Therefore unlike metallic structures, an exact value of Poisson's ratio for polymer materials is very important, and an improper assumption (υ0.5) may cause the structural integrity of a missile system subjected to pressure loading to be wrongly evaluated.     

大台面液压机多液压缸加压液压系统的设计

介绍了大台面液压机的多缸同步高效加压液压系统的工作特点 ,并对系统压力和主要部件进行了设计计算。     

碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃增压规律及其含义

碳酸盐岩由于成岩-固结早,烃源岩排烃的动力主要是水热增压和生烃增压。通过碳酸盐岩烃源岩不同有机碳含量样品温、压关系的模拟实验,建立了增压值与温度的数值关系模型。实验结果表明,碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃过程中生烃增压值远高于水热增压值。碳酸盐岩烃源岩排烃动力的大小主要受烃源岩有机质丰度和温度的影响。对于同一烃源岩来说,随着热演化程度增高,生烃增压值迅速增大;当热演化程度相当时,生烃增压值与样品的有机碳含量成正相关关系。若烃源岩有机碳含量过低,烃源岩产生的生烃增压值不足以有效地把烃类排出烃源岩。由于碳酸盐岩烃源岩中含水量通常很低,则生烃增压特别是生气增压对排烃而言更为重要。因此,碳酸盐岩烃源岩遵循生烃-增压-超压-压力释放-排烃的动力学模式。     

增压流化床锅炉床下点火启动过程的研究与应用

分别在实验室规模常压模拟增压流化床燃烧室和１５ＭＷｅ ＰＦＢＣ－ＣＣ联合循环中试电站６０ｔ／ｈ蒸 发量的ＰＦＢＣ锅炉上进行了增压流化床锅炉床下点火启动特性的试验研究和应用实践．试验了热烟气点 燃流化床的煤种适应性;研究了加煤床温、埋管受热面、热烟气温度和流化风量等参数对床层冷启动和热 启动过程的影响规律．验证了为增压流化床锅炉设计的启动系统中带有气封结构风室的可靠性和烟气分 布的均匀性。考察了增压流化床在深床运行中实施压火后,能再次热启动的条件及所需的燃油量和煤量 的变化。将热烟气床下点火技术和热烟气与主燃风的同风室结构应用于中国第一座ＰＦＢＣ－ＣＣ中试电站, 取得了点火过程稳定可靠和安全的效果．     

Comparison of high pressure treatment and thermal pasteurization effects on the quality and shelf life of guava puree

The effects of high pressures and thermal pasteurization on the survival of microorganisms, enzyme inactivation and quality changes of guava puree during storage at 4°C were investigated and compared with untreated samples. After treatment at a pressure of 600MPa and 25°C for 15 min, the microorganisms in guava puree were inactivated to less than 10 cfu mL⁻¹ and the product exhibited no change in colour, pectin, cloud and ascorbic acid content as compared with fresh samples. The inactivation of enzymes in guava puree by thermal pasteurization was greater than by high pressures. The microbial count in guava puree reduced to 200 cfu mL⁻¹ and the product showed marked changes in viscosity, turbidity and colour when heated at 88–90°C for 24s. The content of pectin, cloud and ascorbic acid as well as colour in untreated and high pressurized (400MPa) guava puree gradually decreased, whereas these changes were not observed in pasteurized (88–90°C) and high pressurized (6000MPa) puree during storage at 4°C for 60 days. The guava puree treated at 600MPa and 25°C for 15 min retained good quality similar to the freshly extracted puree after storage at 4°C for 40 days.     

全海深宏生物保压取样装置设计与实验研究

针对非保压取样方法难以获取高质量生物样本的问题,提出全海深宏生物保压取样器.考虑海上布放对装置质量的限制,提出中空式活塞取样结构.针对深海的超高压环境,分析常规蓄能器设计中理想气体状态方程的不适应性,提出基于真实气体状态的设计方法.针对密封圈移动引起的压降,设计液体主动补偿技术.内压试验结果表明,保压筒和取样活塞具有足够的强度和良好的密封性.高压舱测试表明,提出的取样系统在高压下可以稳定工作,设计的压力补偿系统能够显著地提高取样器的保压性能.取样器在马里亚纳海沟深度超过10 800 m深度时进行2次原位实验,共获取端足类生物保压样品174只.     

低真空循环水供热存在的问题及解决方法

介绍了电厂低真空循环水供热的原理及特点。结合工程实例,探讨了低真空循环水供热在实际应用中出现的问题及解决方法。     

复杂结构ADC12铝合金汽车支架挤压铸造工艺参数优化

目的 解决ADC12铝合金汽车发动机支架在挤压铸造成形工艺下的缺陷问题。方法 利用ProCAST模拟软件对该汽车发动机支架的挤压铸造充型和凝固过程进行模拟,对挤压铸造工艺参数进行正交试验设计并模拟得到最佳工艺参数,对铸件浇注远端厚壁部位采取局部加压优化措施,并对厚壁部位进行X-Ray探伤,观察铸件的缺陷情况。结果 对挤压铸造的工艺参数进行正交试验极差分析后,发现各工艺参数按对铸件凝固后质量的影响程度从大到小的顺序依次为挤压比压、浇注温度、模具温度。通过正交试验得到优化后的工艺参数为浇注温度730 ℃、模具温度300 ℃、挤压比压150 MPa。局部加压时挤压销的最佳激活时间为4 s,此时可以完全消除铸件内部的缩孔缩松缺陷。选择优化后的工艺参数生产该汽车发动机支架,产品外观完整,没有出现表面裂纹等缺陷。在X-Ray探伤下无明显缺陷,内部质量良好。结论 选择合理的浇注温度、模具温度和挤压比压可以有效减少铸件内部的缩孔缩松缺陷,采用局部加压并合理控制挤压销的激活时间可以完全消除缩孔缩松缺陷。     

冷氦压力调节器的研制

长三甲火箭在国内率先采用了冷氦增压系统，冷氦压力调节器是冷氦增压系统中的最关键阀门之一。本文介绍冷氦压力调节器的方案，原理及形成过程。叙述了研制中解决的几个关键技术问题。整理出恒压加载式压调器的设计步骤，推导了设计计算公式。