Chemical interactions between soil N and alkaline-hydrolysing N fertilizers

Chemical interactions between soil N and alkaline-hydrolysing N fertilizers labelled with¹⁵N were studied in the laboratory using twelve-irradiated soils. Fertilizer was recovered in the soil organic N fraction via the process of NH₃ fixation. NH₃ fixation at day 7 varied from 1.8 to 4.6% of the N added as aqua ammonia at 1000 mg kg^–1 soil. The amount of NH₃ fixed increased with increasing rates of application of NH_3(aq) and urea. The rate of NH₃ fixation decreased with time, with more than 55% of the total NH₃ fixation in 28 days occurring in the first week following application of 2000 mg urea-N kg^–1 soil. Soil pH and NH₃ fixation varied in response to N source, and increased in the order of di-ammonium phosphate 3 fixation, resulting in the release of unlabelled ammonium (deamination) and a real added nitrogen interaction in all but two of the soils studied. The release of NH ₄ ⁺ initially increased up to a pH of 7.5, was inhibited between pH 8.5 and 9.0, but increased thereafter. The balance (N_bal) between NH₃ fixation and deamination was either positive or negative, depending on the pH of the fertilized soil, which was directly related to N source and concentration for a given soil.     

一次性装卡完成质量以及三维质心测量的系统

为解决产品三维质心测量时装卡繁琐的问题,介绍一种一次性装卡完成质量以及三维质心的测量系统。该系统采用新型的翻转工装装卡完成物体90°翻转,基于力矩平衡原理,利用测力传感器采取测量数据,工控机完成分析计算,并对系统的原理、测量方法以及精度进行分析。测试结果表明：该系统能减少被测物体的重新吊装次数,通过使系统设备自身旋转来满足被测物体的位置需求来完成质量及三维质心的测量。     

建设项目取水许可延续取水水量评估的案例分析

建设项目取水许可延续是取水许可管理的重要环节,是落实最严格水资源管理制度的重要抓手.通过对新余水务集团延续取水申请用水合理性评估的案例分析,真实反映工程在实际运行过程中的用水水平、实际取水水量与许可水量的差距,为水行政主管部门复核落实取水许可量以及是否进行延续取水换发证提供科学依据.     

丝绢固色剂LTG-S6F的固色与剥除

丝绢固色剂LTGS6F处理织物后可明显提高色牢度,同时不影响织物的手感和色泽,应用效果可与进口固色剂相媲美。固色剂LTGS6F可以采用不同的方法完全剥除,固色剂的剥除和剥色可同时进行,效果较好。     

涤锦交织物凉爽面料染整加工

选用高色牢度、高匀染性的分散和酸性染料,在织物染色前先对锦纶组分进行防沾污固色处理,再采用分散和酸性染料二浴法对涤锦交织物进行染色,改善了分散染料对锦纶的沾染,染色后织物的耐皂洗色牢度和耐日晒色牢度均达到4级以上。后整理加工采用先进的凉感整理技术,使其穿着具有凉爽性能,提高了服用性能。     

新型骨伤固定夹板

简要介绍了常用的骨伤固定夹板,并介绍了新型石膏-微米长刨花骨伤固定夹板的特点和制造工艺过程.     

活性藏青H-ER-步法染色工艺

采用高温型活性藏青H -ER进行上染-固色一步法试验.通过比较传统活性染料上染、固色两步法与上染固色一步法的差异,采用正交试验对一步法染色工艺条件进行优化,即:氯化钠80 g/L,碳酸钠20 g/L,染色温度80℃,时间65 min.试验发现,一步法和传统的两步法染样的匀染性相当,而且染色牢度也相近.一步法染样的/S值高、染深性好、工艺操作简单、染色时间短,节约成本.     

蚕丝丝胶戊二醛固着工艺的研究

本文就戊二醛（ＧＡ法）丝胶固着工艺和减少丝胶固着丝的黄变程度进行了研究，提出了高温短时间浸渍加脱水冷堆的ＧＡ法丝胶固着生产工艺。研究结果表明：在酸性条件下，添加适量稀土元素，采用酸性盐类作ｐＨ调节剂，适当降低固着时的ｐＨ值，能有效地提高丝胶固着牢度和降低固着丝的黄变程度．在弱碱性条件下，添加适当的缓冲稳定剂，能提高丝胶固着牢度和减少黄变现象。     

Nitrogen fixation associated with grasses and cereals: Recent progress and perspectives for the future

Over the last 20 years many new species of N₂-fixing bacteria have been discovered in association with grasses, cereals and other non-nodulating crops. Virtually all of these bacteria are microaerophylic, fixing N₂ only in the presence of low partial pressures of oxygen. Until a few years ago much attention was focussed on members the genusAzospirillum and it was assumed that N₂ fixation was restricted to the rhizosphere or rhizoplane of the host plants. Through the use of N balance and¹⁵N techniques it has been shown that in the case of lowland rice, several tropical pasture grasses and especially sugar cane, the contributions of biological N₂ fixation (BNF) are of agronomic significance.More detailed study of the N₂-fixing bacteria associated with sugar cane (Acetobacter diazotrophicus andHerbaspirillum spp.) has shown that they occur in high numbers not only in roots of this crop but also in the stems, leaves and trash but are rarely found in the soil. Some of these endophytic diazotrophs have now also been found in forage grasses, cereals, sweet potato and cassava, although evidence of significant BNF contributions is still lacking.The identification of these endophytic diazotrophs as the organisms probably responsible for the high contributions of N₂ fixation observed in sugar cane suggests that it may be possible to attain significant BNF contributions in some other gramineae and perhaps root crops.     

含氮气三相泡沫的固氮及惰化特性

通过实验，研究了不同浆液体积分数的三相泡沫中氮气的释放速率；以此为基础分析了含氮气三相泡沫对封闭火区气体的惰化特性；应用三相泡沫固氮及惰化特性对宁夏煤业集团白芨沟矿的火区进行了成功惰化；防止了瓦斯爆炸的发生，保证了矿山救护队员施工的安全．实验及现场应用结果表明：三相泡沫能有效地将氮气封存于浆液之中，增强火区惰化的持久性，且适于惰化具有漏风源的封闭火区．