火电厂工程项目管理创新模式及基建实践探讨

由于火电厂建设具备"投资大、专业性强、工期长、占地面积大、交叉作业多、施工工序复杂、危险系数大"等特点,基建管理难度大,为此强化项目管理创新显得尤为重要。"六精"管理模式是华电六安电厂在基建期间为实现"精品创优"目标不断总结、提炼而成的项目管理创新成果,并在实践中取得了良好的综合效益,具有实践效果佳、操作性好、可参考性强等特点。     

透水管桩的群桩沉桩室内模型试验研究

本文基于室内模型试验,通过透水管桩和普通管桩沉桩模型试验对比,探究群桩情况下,透水管桩加速桩周土超静孔隙水压力消散的效果和规律。通过试验表明透水管桩更有利于桩周土超静孔压消散,其促进作用沿深度方向递增,沿水平方向递减。透水管桩阻碍了沉桩完成后桩周土超静孔隙水压力的上升,从超静孔隙水压力产生的角度出发,降低了桩周土超静孔隙水压力的峰值,控制了整个桩周土超静孔隙水压力的水平,有利于超静孔隙水压力后期的消散。表明沉桩施工中,透水管桩提高了施工进度,降低了对周围环境的影响。     

Gateside packwall design in solid backfill mining-A case study

Based upon characteristic movement features of the overlying strata in solid backfill mining and in-situ observations,an associated model representing a roadway support system has been developed.Based on the Winkler foundation and beam model,the current study presents a static analysis of the model,thus permitting acquisition of a theoretical formula pertaining to roof convergence.Through use of working face 6304-1(Jisan Colliery) as the research setting,the association between roof convergence magnitude and both packwall strength and width have been elucidated.Based upon observed conditions at the working face,realistic packwall parameters have been formulated,with numerical simulation results and field application results indicating that design parameters garnered from the developed formula successfully adapted to local geological movement and deformation.Accordingly,roadway deformation was shown to be within the permissible range,thus satisfying mine production requirements.The proposed method in the current study may give a design basis for pack design in the context of SBM under similar conditions.     

Numerical simulation of land subsidence and verification of its character for an iron mine using sublevel caving

Combined with a digital bored photography system and in-situ statistics concerning the joints and fissures of both ore-body and surrounding rock,a 2D discrete model was constructed using UDEC.The stress field and displacement field changes of different sublevel stoping systems were also studied.Changes in the overlying rock strata settlement pattern has been analyzed and validated by in-situ monitoring data.The results show that:in the caving process,there exists an obvious delay and jump for the overlying rock strata displacement over time,and a stable arch can be formed in the process of caving,which leads to hidden goafs.Disturbed by the mining activity,a stress increase occurred in both the hanging wall and the foot wall,demonstrating a hump-shaped distribution pattern.From the comparison between simulation results and in-situ monitoring results,land subsidence shows a slow-development,suddenfailure,slow-development cycle pattern,which leads eventually to a stable state.This pattern validates the existence of balanced arch and hidden goafs.     

Theoretical analysis of a new segmented anchoring style in weakly cemented soft surrounding rock

According to the tensile failure of rock bolt in weakly cemented soft rock, this paper presents a new segmented anchoring style in order to weaken the cumulative effect of anchoring force associated with the large deformation. Firstly, a segmented mechanical model was established in which free and anchoring section of rock bolt were respectively arranged in different deformation zones. Then, stress and displacement in elastic non-anchoring zone, elastic anchoring zone, elastic sticking zone, softening sticking zone and broken zone were derived respectively based on neural theory and tri-linear strain softening constitutive model of soft rock. Results show that the anchoring effect can be characterized by a supporting parameter b. With its increase, the peak value of tangential stress gradually moves to the roadway wall, and the radial stress significantly increases, which means the decrease of equivalent plastic zone and improvement of confining effect provided by anchorage body. When b increases to 0.72, the equivalent plastic zone disappears, and stresses tend to be the elastic solutions. In addition, the anchoring effect on the displacement of surrounding rock can be quantified by a normalization factor δ.     

一种植被覆盖区利用闭凸锥约束收敛提取有用信息的方法

世界上许多地方被植被所覆盖,在植被覆盖区提取有用信息一直为一个难题,例如植被覆盖下矿产信息等。常见的植被抑制方法主要是利用信号本身采用同态滤波或者方程式解算进行植被去除,主要缺点依赖经验或者多期数据,实际应用存在困难。本文提出一种利用闭凸锥约束收敛的算法对植被覆盖下有用信息进行提取,这种方法处理后的数据增强了有用信号的强度同时有效减弱植被信号的干扰,对植被覆盖区工程探测、矿产地质调查、水利农业等都具有重要意义。     

Optimization of the catch bench design using a genetic algorithm

Rockfalls are one of the hazards that may be associated with open pit mining. The majority of rockfalls occur due to the existing conditions of slopes, such as back break, fractures and joints. Constructing a berm on the catch bench is a popular method for the mitigation of rockfall hazards in open pit mining.The width of the catch bench and the height of the berm play a major role in the open pit bench design.However, there is no systematic method currently available to optimize the size of these parameters. This study proposes a novel methodology which calculates the optimum catch bench width by integrating the rockfall simulation model and genetic algorithm into a Simulation-Optimization Model. The proposed methodology is useful when used to determine the minimum catch bench width, or the maximum overall slope angle, insuring that a sufficient factor of safety of the slope is included while maximizing the overall profitability of the open pit mine.     

A discrete-event model to simulate the effect of truck bunching due to payload variance on cycle time,hauled mine materials and fuel consumption

Data collected from truck payload management systems at various surface mines shows that the payload variance is significant and must be considered in analysing the mine productivity,energy consumption,greenhouse gas emissions and associated cost.Payload variance causes significant differences in gross vehicle weights.Heavily loaded trucks travel slower up ramps than lightly loaded trucks.Faster trucks are slowed by the presence of slower trucks,resulting in‘bunching’,production losses and increasing fuel consumptions.This paper simulates the truck bunching phenomena in large surface mines to improve truck and shovel systems’efficiency and minimise fuel consumption.The study concentrated on completing a practical simulation model based on a discrete event method which is most commonly used in this field of research in other industries.The simulation model has been validated by a dataset collected from a large surface mine in Arizona state,USA.The results have shown that there is a good agreement between the actual and estimated values of investigated parameters.     

T形芯板摩擦阻尼器在高层钢框架结构振动控制中的研究

在结构上附加耗能减震装置是结构被动控制的一种。T型摩擦阻尼器作为一种新型摩擦耗能装置,因其在结构中减震时受到的影响参数少,所以被广泛用来结构的减震隔震。本文通过对在高层钢框架结构中配置T形芯板摩擦阻尼器,在罕见地震作用下的动力分析,并应用SAP2000软件对比分析得到框架结构的位移、内力响应差异,验证了T形芯板摩擦型阻尼器在对高层钢框架结构具有很好的耗能减震效果。     

考虑载荷动态分配机制的多状态系统可靠性建模及优化

多状态是现代制造装备和复杂工程系统的典型特征。由于多状态系统可靠性理论能反映系统服役阶段状态的复杂衰退规律,近年来受到了广泛的关注和深入的研究。然而,现有的大部分关于多状态系统可靠性理论的研究均假设系统中单元之间的失效规律是相互独立的。但在实际工程中,多种因素所造成的系统单元间失效规律的相关性问题不可避免,故考虑多状态系统中单元载荷的动态变化对单元失效规律的影响,利用马尔科夫模型对存在载荷动态分配机制的多状态系统进行可靠性建模和可靠度计算,分析系统的组成结构和单元的载荷动态分配策略对系统可靠度的影响规律,并在此基础上提出两层遗传算法对多状态系统的结构和载荷分配策略进行联合优化。