EPDM基红外隐身涂层耐热性及使用寿命预测研究

从发射率变化的角度建立了红外隐身涂层失效的评价标准.根据Arrhenius公式研究了涂层寿命的估算方法.采用IR-2型发射率测试仪,测试了低红外发射率EPDM/Cu涂层在不同温度下发射率的变化,得出了涂层的最高耐受温度,并预测了涂层在不同Ma数的飞机蒙皮上的使用寿命.结果表明:涂层的最高耐受温度为523 K;涂层在1 Ma和1.5 Ma的蒙皮上的寿命分别可以达到4.91×103h和3.78×104h.理论计算结果与实验结论比较符合,这表明此预测方法在实际应用中有一定的普遍性,能够比较准确地预测红外隐身涂层的使用寿命.     

Rugged Textile Electrodes for Wearable Devices Obtained by Vapor Coating Off‐the‐Shelf,Plain‐Woven Fabrics

Fabrics are pliable, breathable, lightweight, ambient stable, and have unmatched haptic perception. Here, a vapor deposition method is used to transform off‐the‐shelf plain‐woven fabrics, such as linen, silk, and bast fiber fabrics, into metal‐free conducting electrodes. These fabric electrodes are resistant to wear, stable after laundering and ironing, and can be body‐mounted with little detriment to their performance. A unique by‐product of conformally vapor coating plain‐woven fabrics is that textile parameters, such as thread material and fabric porosity, significantly affect the conductivity of the resulting fabric electrodes. The resistivities of the electrodes reported herein are linearly, not exponentially, dependent on length, meaning that they can be feasibly incorporated into garments and other large‐area body‐mounted devices. Further, these fabric electrodes possess the feel, weight, breathability, and pliability of standard fabrics, which are important to enable adoption of wearable devices.     

激光淬火基体对镀铬层界面剪切强度的影响

为了揭示激光淬火预处理基体提高镀铬身管寿命的机理,采用多裂纹拉伸技术分别对激光淬火处理和激光未处理基体上的镀铬层界面剪切强度进行了测量,发现激光淬火基体可以提高镀铬层界面剪切强度77.7%,并从基体与铬层的界面材料结构和力学两个方面进行了分析。结果表明,激光预处理的界面是连续过渡的,而原始基体的界面存在一个过渡;激光淬火基体表面残余压应力的存在提高了铬层的断裂应力;基体表面硬度的提高减小了最大裂纹间距。     

Dendrite‐Free Lithium Plating Induced by In Situ Transferring Protection Layer from Separator

Lithium (Li) metal anodes are regarded as a promising pathway to meet the rapidly growing requirements on high energy density cells, owing to their highest gravimetric capacity (3840 mAh g^?1) and their lowest redox potential. The application of Li metal anodes, however, is still hindered by undesired dendrites formation and endless consumption of liquid electrolyte due to a continuous reaction on interface of electrolyte/Li‐metal without a stable solid–electrolyte–interface (SEI) layer. A stable protection layer is formed on Li metal anode by in situ transferring the coating layer from polymer separator. The Li anode protection strategy is developed with an in situ formed protection layer transferred through the reduction of a coating layer on polymer separator. A PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃ (PZT) coating layer on polypropylene (PP) separator is reduced by Li metal anode to produce a Pb metal containing composite layer, which could form Pb–Li alloy and adhere to the surface of Li metal anode after the reaction and improves the Li plating/stripping efficiency owing to the formation of a more homogenized electric field. Both the Li/Li symmetric cells and LiFePO₄/Li cells with this PZT precoated PP separators exhibit significantly improved Coulombic efficiency and cycling life.     

Glycocalyx‐Like Hydrogel Coatings for Small Diameter Vascular Grafts

Novel biological vascular conduits, such as decellularized tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are hindered by high thrombogenicity. To mimic the antithrombogenic surface of native vessels with a continuous glycosaminoglycan layer that is present on endothelial cells (ECs), a hyaluronic acid (HA) modified surface is established, to effectively shield blood platelets from collagen‐triggered activation. Using the amine groups present on 4 mm diameter decellularized TEVGs, a continuous HA hydrogel coating is built via a bifunctional thiol‐reactive cross‐linker, thereby avoiding nonspecific collagen matrix cross‐linking. The HA hydrogel layer recreates a luminal wall, “hiding” exposed collagen from the bloodstream. In vitro blood tests show that adhered platelets, fibrinogen absorption, and fibrin formation on HA‐coated decellularized TEVGs are significantly lower than on uncoated decellularized TEVGs. The HA surface also inhibits macrophage adhesion in vitro. HA‐coated decellularized syngeneic rat aortae (≈1.5 mm diameter), and TEVGs in rat and canine models, respectively, are protected from aggressive thrombus formation, and preserve normal blood flow. Re‐endothelialization is also observed. HA‐coated TEVGs may be an off‐the‐shelf small‐diameter vascular graft with dual benefits: antithrombogenic protection and promotion of endothelium.     

（英）退火温度对电子束蒸发沉积硅薄膜结构和光学性能的影响

系统研究了退火温度对硅薄膜结构和光学性能的影响。通过电子束蒸发工艺制备硅薄膜,然后在氮气保护下对薄膜样品在200~500°C范围内进行退火处理。使用XRD、拉曼光谱、电子自旋共振和透射光谱测量等方法对薄膜样品进行了表征。结果显示,随着退火温度的升高,非晶硅薄膜结构有序度在短程和中程范围内得到改善,同时缺陷密度显著降低-。当样品在400°C退火后,消光系数k由6.14×10^-3下降到最小值1.02×10~3(1000 nm),这是由于此时硅薄膜缺陷密度也降到最低,约为沉积态薄膜的五分之一。试验结果表明,硅薄膜在适当的温度下退火可以有效地降低近红外区膜层的光学吸收,这对硅薄膜在光学薄膜器件研制中具有重要应用。     

Reconfigurable Anisotropic Coatings via Magnetic Field‐Directed Assembly and Translocation of Locking Magnetic Chains

A method for the generation of remotely reconfigurable anisotropic coatings is developed. To form these coatings, locking magnetic nanoparticles (LMNPs) made of a superparamagnetic core and a two‐component polymer shell are employed. Two different polymers form phase‐separated coaxial shells. The outer shell provides repulsive interactions between the LMNPs while the inner shell exerts attractive forces between the particles. Applying a non‐uniform magnetic field, one gathers the particles together, pushing them to come in contact when the internal shells could effectively hold the particles together. When the magnetic field is turned off, the particles remain locked due to these strong interactions between internal shells. The shells are thus made stimuli‐responsive, so this locking can be made reversible and the chains can be disintegrated on demand. In a non‐uniform magnetic field, the assembled chains translocate, bind to the solid substrate and form anisotropic coatings with a “locked” anisotropic structure. The coatings can be constructed, aligned, realigned, degraded, and generated again on demand by changing the magnetic field and particle environment. The mechanism of the coating formation is explained using experimental observations and a theoretical model.     

大功率半导体激光器腔面膜的场强分布优化

为了提高半导体激光器腔面膜的激光损伤阈值,进而提高激光器输出功率,对激光器的灾变性光学镜面损伤产生的原因进行了探讨。根据损伤原理,将高反膜中场强最大处移出界面,采用光学传输矩阵,对厚度连续变化的界面场强和反射率进行了计算,得到优化高反膜系,优化膜系减小了界面处的光场对薄膜的损伤。采用改进后束流密度更大的LaB6作为阴极原位等离子源,对离子源清洗的参数进行了优化。薄膜制备前期使用离子清洗的方法在真空环境下对腔面进行去氧化,在制备过程中使用电子束蒸发离子源辅助沉积,并测试了薄膜在高温高湿环境下的稳定性。使用该优化的膜系和清洗方法制备的半导体激光器,在准连续输出时,功率由4.6 W提升到了7.02W,工作电流由5A提升到了8A。     

Unlocking the Latent Antimicrobial Potential of Biomimetically Synthesized Inorganic Materials

Inspired by biomineralization, biomimetic approaches utilize biomolecules and synthetic analogs to produce materials of controlled chemistry, morphology, and function under relatively benign conditions. A common characteristic of biological and biomimetic mineral‐forming processes is the generation of mineral/biomolecule nanocomposites. In this work, it is demonstrated that a facile chemical reaction may be utilized to halogenate the nitrogen‐containing moieties of the organics entrapped within bio‐inorganic composites to yield halamine compounds. This process provides rapid and potent bactericidal activity to biomimetically and biologically produced materials that otherwise lack such functionality. Additionally, bio‐inorganic composites containing the chlorinated peptide protamine are effective in rapidly neutralizing Bacillus spores (≥99.97% reduction in colony forming units within 10 min). The straightforward nature of the described process, and the efficacy of halamine compounds in neutralizing biological and chemical agents, provide new applicability to biogenic and biomimetic materials.