水源地生态补偿机制实证研究——基于钱塘江源头核心区的调研

生态补偿问题已成为被关注的热点。通过全面考察水源地保护区农民生活、生产的现状,重点探讨了影响水源地保护区农民生产、生活的制约因素,以及农民对新型水源地经济发展模式的需求及意愿。根据研究,生态保护成为制约水源地经济发展的重要因素,且生态保护与经济发展的矛盾会随着国家对环保重视程度的日益加强而愈演愈烈。在认真分析影响制约当地经济发展因素和农民需求与意愿的基础上,提出了完善政策扶持机制、以项目带动经济补偿、初步建立有益于生态补偿的财政转移支付形式、加快建立水源地环境资源评估与保护标准体系等建议。     

温度控制器在电动机温升保护中的应用

电动机为各种生产机械提供原动力,在使用中由于各种原因会造成电动机温度骤然升高,导致电动机被烧毁。研究温度升高的原因,采取相应的措施,通过相应的保护处理,避免电动机烧毁,降低事故发生率,确保电动机的安全可靠运行。     

风力空压机用内骨架橡胶防护罩的研制

介绍风力空压机用内骨架橡胶防护罩的配方设计、产品和模具设计、生产工艺及产品性能特点。采用钻孔钢板为骨架材料，克服了钢网骨架材料制品受力易扭曲变形及硬质塑料制品受到冲击力易破碎等缺陷，产品具有较强的耐天侯老化及抗冲击性能，达到国内同类产品水平。     

采动区建筑物下保护煤柱开采优化设计研究

采用岩层移动角进行留设保护煤柱的传统方法,增大了保护煤柱呆滞量,造成了煤炭资源的巨大浪费.为了探讨综放开采条件下保护煤柱留设的最优尺寸,基于潞安矿区王庄煤矿的地质采矿条件,提出了根据建筑物采动损害允许的临界变形值进行优化设计保护煤柱的新思路.按照概率积分法,预测计算开采工作面位于不同停采线位置时保护煤柱留设的合理尺寸,分析了不同开采方案下建筑物所受采动的影响面积、地表下沉程度及倾斜变形、拉伸变形等地表移动变形对建筑物采动损害的影响程度.通过11个方案的分析比较,结合经济与社会效益,给出了建筑物下保护煤柱留设的最优方案,为综放开采条件下建筑物压煤开采提供了科学依据.     

智能变电站微机保护装置集中式网络打印方案研究

对一种适用于智能变电站的微机保护装置集中式网络打印方案进行了研究。通过分析微机保护装置的组屏安装就地化打印方式存在诸多不足和微机保护装置的信息打印业务,根据智能变电站的网络化技术特征,提出了一种新的集中式网络打印方案,并将该方案成功应用于新一代智能化变电站自动化系统中。该方案以打印服务器为中心,采用IEC61850通信规约,可实现打印格式的灵活控制,打印输出效果更加美观,同时还具备与电力管理信息系统的文档接口功能,因此是智能变电站技术创新发展的重要方向之一。     

Measuring the risk of sustaining injury in sport a novel approach to aid the re-design of personal protective equipment

Despite the possibilities offered by new approaches in design and advances in materials and manufacturing methods, few items of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) used in sport have seen significant change for many decades. A major reason for this is the tradition and conservative attitudes associated with many sports, although the absence of appropriate tools and techniques to assist the design and development process has also played a large part. The aim of this study was to develop the first stage of a method of identifying specific regions of the human anatomy that are at the greatest risk of sustaining injury during participation in sports in which the player is subjected to multiple ballistic impacts. It is proposed that the findings could be used to confirm future designs of sports PPE. Previous studies have identified the amount and the location of the protection provided by current commercially available products but, until now, no evidence has been reported to determine what protection is required based on an understanding of the likely impact and the anatomy of the athlete.     

Work tolerance and subjective responses to wearing protective clothing and respirators during physical work

This study examined work tolerance and subjective responses while performing two levels of work and wearing four types of protective ensembles. Nine males (mean age = 24·8 years, weight = 75·3 kg, [Vdot]O₂ max = 44·6 ml/kg min) each performed a series of eight experimental tests in random order, each lasting up to 180 min in duration. Work was performed on a motor-driven treadmill at a set walking speed and elevation which produced work intensities of either 30% or 60% of each subject's maximum aerobic capacity. Work/rest intervals were established based on anticipated SCBA refill requirements. Environmental temperature averaged 22·6°C and average relative humidity was 55%. The four protective ensembles were: a control ensemble consisting of light work clothing (CONTROL); light work clothing with an open circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA); firefighter's turnout gear with SCBA (FF); and chemical protective clothing with SCBA (CHEM). Test duration (tolerance time) was determined by physiological responses reaching a predetermined indicator of high stress or by a 180-min limit. Physiological and subjective measurements obtained every 2·5 min included: heart rate, skin temperature, rectal temperature, and subjective ratings of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and perspiration.

The mean tolerance times were 155, 130, 26, and 73 min, respectively, for the CONTROL, SCBA, FF, and CHEM conditions during low intensity work; and 91, 23, 4, and 13 min, respectively, during high intensity work. Differences between ensemble and work intensity were significant FF and CHEM heart rate responses did not reach a steady state, and rose rapidly compared to CONTROL and SCBA values. SCBA heart rates remained approximately 15 beats higher than the CONTROL ensemble during the tests. At the low work intensity, mean skin.     

John G. Fox (1931-2004)

The effectiveness of intermittent, microclimate cooling for men who worked in US Army chemical protective clothing (modified mission-oriented protective posture level 3; MOPP 3) was examined. The hypothesis was that intermittent cooling on a 2 min on–off schedule using a liquid cooling garment (LCG) covering 72% of the body surface area would reduce heat strain comparably to constant cooling. Four male subjects completed three experiments at 30°C, 30% relative humidity wearing the LCG under the MOPP 3 during 80 min of treadmill walking at 224 ± 5 W · m^?2. Water temperature to the LCG was held constant at 21°C. The experiments were; 1) constant cooling (CC); 2) intermittent cooling at 2-min intervals (IC); 3) no cooling (NC). Core temperature increased (1.6 ± 0.2°C) in NC, which was greater than IC (0.5 ± 0.2°C) and CC (0.5 ± 0.3°C) ( p < 0.05). Mean skin temperature was higher during NC (36.1 ± 0.4°C) than IC (33.7 ± 0.6°C) and CC (32.6 ± 0.6°C) and mean skin temperature was higher during IC than CC ( p < 0.05). Mean heart rate during NC (139 ± 9 b · min^?1) was greater than IC (110 ± 10 b · min^?1) and CC (107 ± 9 b · min^?1) ( p < 0.05). Cooling by conduction (K) during NC (94 ± 4 W · m^?2) was lower than IC (142 ± 7 W · m^?2) and CC (146 ± 4 W · m^?2) ( p < 0.05). These findings suggest that IC provided a favourable skin to LCG gradient for heat dissipation by conduction and reduced heat strain comparable to CC during exercise-heat stress in chemical protective clothing.     

Effects of the self-contained breathing apparatus and fire protective clothing on maximal oxygen uptake

To examine the effects of firefighting personal protective ensemble (PPE) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) on exercise performance, 12 males completed two randomly ordered, graded exercise treadmill tests (GXT_PPE and GXT_PT). Maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) during GXT_PPE was 17.3% lower than the GXT_PT in regular exercise clothing (43.0 ± 5.7 vs. 52.4 ± 8.5 ml/kg per min, respectively). The lower VO_2max during the PPE condition was significantly related (r = 0.81, p < 0.05) to attenuated peak ventilation (142.8 ± 18.0 vs. 167.1 ± 15.6 l/min), which was attributed to a significant reduction in tidal volume (2.6 ± 10.4 vs. 3.2 ± 0.4 l). Breathing frequency at peak exercise was unchanged (55 ± 7 vs. 53 ± 7 breaths/min). The results of this investigation demonstrate that PPE and the SCBA have a negative impact on VO_2max. These factors must be considered when evaluating aerobic demands of fire suppression work and the fitness levels of firefighters.