Data‐driven fault detection for linear systems: A q‐step residual iteration approach

This article studies the problem of data‐driven (DD) fault detection (FD) for linear systems. First, based on the DD realization of kernel representation, new residual generators are designed via a q‐step residual iteration method. Then, it is proved that the proposed residual generators guarantee the stability and L₁ performance of the FD error systems, and the presented residual design method is more sensitive to faults than the existing ones constructed directly from available process data. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the designed method.     

Method of local approximations in thermophysical property calculations: Estimation of errors in derived thermodynamic properties

An algorithm for thermophysical property calculations based on the finiteelement approximation in the thermodynamic plane has been suggested. As an example of using the algorithm, errors in obtaining the compressibility of ethane and its derivatives with respect to reduced density and temperature are discussed.     

α-Copaene, A Potential Rendezvous Cue for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata?

q274770141h5n720/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-Copaene, a potent attractant for male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata, is found as a minor component in the essential oils of various plant species, including its hosts such as orange, guava, and mango. Despite the specific attraction of male flies and the wide distribution of the compound in host plants, the biological significance of q274770141h5n720/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-copaene remains unknown. In a laboratory test, leklike behavior of C. capitata was induced artificially by using a plastic leaf model treated with (+)-q274770141h5n720/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-copaene. It was also found that (+)-q274770141h5n720/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-copaene affected virgin females, provoking "pseudomale" courtship behavior in the short-range bioassay. Mating occurred exclusively on the artificial leaves treated with q274770141h5n720/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-copaene, suggesting the compound potentially serves as a chemical cue to facilitate orientation of flies to the rendezvous site.     

Rhodium-catalyzed partial oxidation of methane to CO and H2. Transient studies on its mechanism

The reaction of methane with surface oxygen as well as the interaction of methane/oxygen mixtures with a Rh(1 wt%)/q421768k3/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied by applying the temporal-analysisof-product (TAP) reactor. The product distribution was strongly affected by the degree of surface reduction. CO₂ is formed as a primary product via a redox mechanism with the participation of surface oxygen. The dehydrogenation of methane yielding carbon deposits on the surface occurs on reduced surface sites. The formation of CO proceeds with high selectivity (up to 96%)at 1013 K via fast reaction of surface carbon species with CO₂.     

Chemical effects in commercial and laboratory mixtures of ‘reactive’ phosphate rock and acidulated fertilisers

The chemical analyses of different size fractions of a variety of commerical and laboratory prepared samples of partially acidulated phophate rocks and mixtures of q8v28j3271w80481/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">reactiveq8v28j3271w80481/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> phosphate rock and single superphosphate (called LONGLIFE in New Zealand) have been studied. Whereas only minor chemical segregation effects have been observed for partially acidulated products quite a large bias has been established for LONGLIFE materials, and more especially commercial samples, where larger proportions of phosphate rock were found in the lower size fractions. This inhomogeneity was considered to arise from poor mixing of components and subsequent inconsistent granulation; more stringent rejection criteria for undersize material would greatly assist in improving the product quality. Chemical q8v28j3271w80481/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">deactivationq8v28j3271w80481/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> of the phosphate rock residue in LONGLIFE materials was also observed; this can be partially explained by a selective reaction of the q8v28j3271w80481/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">reactiveq8v28j3271w80481/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> phosphate rock component with acid still present at the time of mixing with the single superphosphate component.     

随机利率下定期寿险趸交纯保费模型

定期寿险是人寿保险体系的重要组成部分,其合理的定价受到越来越多的关注。本文依据时间序列理论,基于信息力序列条件异方差的ARMA（p,q）-GARCH（r,s）模型,针对固定保险金额的定期寿险,建立了随机利率下的定期寿险趸交纯保费的数学模型,并通过实例分析说明该模型的合理性。     

Growth inhibitors in tomato (Lycopersicon) to tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea)

Several compounds that retard the larval growth of the tomato fruitworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie) have been isolated and identified from tomato leaves,Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. The major allelochemics are q9/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-tomatine (I), chlorogenic acid (II), rutin (III), and a new caffeyl derivative of an aldaric acid (IV). The isolation, analyses, and toxicity of these compounds toH. zea are presented.Reference to a company and/or product named by the department is only for purposes of information and does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others which may also be suitable     

Himachalol andβ-himachalene: Insecticidal principles of himalayan cedarwood oil

Chromatographic fractions of Himalayan cedarwood oil (Cedrus deodara) were bioassayed against the pulse beetle (Callosobruchus analis F.) and the housefly (Musca domestica L.). Almost all fractions showed insecticidal activity against both test species. Fractions I and V led to the highest mortality and also produced a quick knockdown effect. Fractions I and V, after rechromatography and purification, yielded himachalol (3%) and q/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-himachalene (31%), based on essential oil weight, respectively. Further evaluation of these two naturally occurring sesquiterpenes indicated 97.5% mortality at 0.56 q/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mol/insect against the pulse beetle. These biologically active natural products of plant origin may serve as a suitable prototypes for development of commercial insecticides.CIMAP Publication No. 598.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Copolymerization of α-terpineol with Methylmethacrylate in Presence of Azobisisobutyronitrile as an Initiator

The radical copolymerization of q515053/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-terpineol with methyl-methacrylate in xylene at 80±0.1^{q515053/xxlarge8201.gif" alt="thinsp" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">q515053/xxlarge9675.gif" alt="cir" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">}C for 50 minutes in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) follows ideal kinetics and results in the formation of a functional and random copolymer. The activation energy is 33 KJ/mole. The IR spectrum and NMR spectra of the copolymer(s) shows the bands at 1750 and 3400 cm^–1 for ester group of methylmethacrylate and alcoholic group of q515053/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-terpineol and peaks at 3 to 4q515053/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> for methoxy group and at 6.5 to 7.5q515053/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> due to alcoholic group of methylmethacrylate and q515053/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-terpineol repectively. The values of reactivity ratios, calculated by Kelen–Tüdos method, are r ₁ (MMA) = 0.18 and r ₂ (q515053/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-terpineol) = 0.046. The Alfrey-Price; Q–e parameters for q515053/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-terpineol has been calculated as 0.149 and 2.486. The mechanism of copolymerization has been elucidated and it is concluded that the double bond present in the monocyclic ring of q515053/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-terpineol is an active site for copolymerization and the alcoholic group of q515053/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-terpineol remain to give functional copolymer.     

Porous Properties of γ-Alumina/Potassium Aluminosilicate Gel Composites Prepared by Selective Leaching and Precipitation Method

Composites of mesoporous q/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-alumina and potassium aluminosilicate (KAS) gel were prepared by selective leaching of calcined kaolinite using KOH solution followed by neutralization of the solution at pH 5.5 with nitric acid. The porous properties of the composites were characterized by N₂ gas adsorption and their microtextures were observed by electron microscope. The resultant composites have specific surface areas of about 290 m²/g, pore sizes of about 1.85 nm in radius and pore volumes of about 0.5 ml/g. The porous properties of the composites are compared with those of q/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-alumina and KAS gel.