扫描隧道显微镜探针作用力的测量

我们用石英振子频移法成功地对ＳＴＭ探针与被测表面间的作用力进行了测量,进一步证实了在ＳＴＭ测量时探针与被测表面之间存在着一种作用力的预言,为最终解明该现象的本质提供了一种新的方法。     

石英音叉陀螺振动特性有限元仿真

石英音叉陀螺是一种新型的振动陀螺.在设计阶段必须对其性能进行分析仿真,以便为微型石英陀螺的设计提供依据,缩短开发周期.利用耦合场有限元对石英音叉陀螺的振动特性进行了仿真,确定了最佳激励信号频率和影响陀螺灵敏度的因素,并且给出了调节驱动模态与检测模态的频率差值的方法.     

星形微波等离子体化学气相沉积装置上类金刚石薄膜的制备

以甲烷、氢气和氧气为反应气体,分别在镜面抛光的单晶硅片和石英玻璃基片上制备了类金刚石薄膜,并用扫描电子显微镜、激光拉曼光谱和傅立叶红外透射光谱仪等测试方法对薄膜的表面形貌、质量和光学性能进行了表征;通过对类金刚石（DLC）薄膜制备过程中碳源浓度、基片温度等参数的研究,掌握了工艺参数对薄膜性能的影响规律,并在此基础上成功地对薄膜的沉积工艺进行了优化.结果表明,当反应气体中的流量配比为甲烷∶氢气∶氧气=10∶100∶1,腔体压力和基片温度分别为0.5 kPa和400℃,制备出的DLC薄膜表面光滑平整,薄膜中的纳米金刚石特征峰明显,在石英玻璃上沉积的DLC薄膜在3 000～4 000 cm-1波数区间透光率超过80％,达到了光学应用要求.     

An iterative calibration method for nonlinear coefficients of marine triaxial accelerometers

Single-axis rotation technique is often used in the marine laser inertial navigation system so as to modulate the constant biases of non-axial gyroscopes and accelerometers to attain better navigation performance. However, two significant accelerometer nonlinear errors need to be attacked to improve the modulation effect. Firstly, the asymmetry scale factor inaccuracy enlarges the errors of frequent zero-cross oscillating specific force measured by non-axial accelerometers. Secondly, the traditional linear model of accelerometers can hardly measure the continued or intermittent acceleration accurately. These two nonlinear errors degrade the high-precision specific force measurement and the calibration of nonlinear coefficients because triaxial accelerometers is urgent for the marine navigation. Based on the digital signal sampling property, the square coefficients and cross-coupling coefficients of accelerometers are considered. Meanwhile, the asymmetry scale factors are considered in the I-F conversion unit. Thus, a nonlinear model of specific force measurement is established compared to the linear model. Based on the three-axis turntable, the triaxial gyroscopes are utilized to measure the specific force observation for triaxial accelerometers. Considering the nonlinear combination, the standard calibration parameters and asymmetry factors are separately estimated by a two-step iterative identification procedure. Besides, an efficient specific force calculation model is approximately derived to reduce the real-time computation cost. Simulation results illustrate the sufficient estimation accuracy of nonlinear coefficients. The experiments demonstrate that the nonlinear model shows much higher accuracy than the linear model in both the gravimetry and sway navigation validations.     

Existence and release of fluid inclusions in bornite and its associated quartz and calcite

The existence and release of fluid inclusions in bornite and its associated minerals, namely, quartz and calcite were investigated and confirmed. The structures, forms, and phases of these large quantities of fluid inclusions were also studied. A mass of fluid inclusions with various sizes, distributions, shapes, and phases exist in bornite and its associated minerals. Their sizes vary from a few micrometers to tens of micrometers, and the forms appear as negative crystals, or elongated, elliptical, and irregular. At room temperature, fluid inclusions were mainly characterized as gas-liquid two- phase. However, small amounts of fluid inclusions with pure gas phase and pure liquid single-phase were also observed in quartz and calcite. These fluid inclusions initially broke during the ore crushing and grinding process and then released into the flotation pulp in the flotation process. The quantitative analysis of fluid inclusions in the solution and the comparisons of mineral dissolution show that the amount of copper and iron released by fluid inclusions in the bornite sample is higher than the amount dissolved by the mineral; fluid inclusions in the associated gangue minerals, quartz, and calcite also make contribution.     

冀东峪耳崖金矿石英的标型特征

论述了石英的微量元素、稀土元素、包裹体、热发光的标型特征及其在矿床成因研究和找矿意义。石英中Ｋ＋,Ｎａ＋,Ａｌ３＋以类质同象代替Ｓｉ４＋,Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ比值可判定矿化深度。成矿温度３０５～３４３℃,成矿物质来源于深部。     

新型光电式电压互感器研究

本文提出一种应用于500KV的光电式电压互感器。该互感器基于石英晶体的逆压电效应。高压经圆筒电容器分压后加到圆柱状的石英晶体上,晶体的压电形变被缠绕在晶体圆柱表面上的椭圆芯双模光纤传感,由低相干干涉仪对光纤中传播的两个空间模(LP01模和偶数LP11模)的微分光波相位的调制进行检测。该互感器除电容分压、石英晶体外,是一个全光纤的解决方案,没有准直仪、偏振片和波片等块状光学元件;进而降低了成本、提高了精度、便于规模化生产。本文给出了电压互感器的系统结构及绝缘设计,研究了互感器的性能,为高压电压互感器的应用提供了理论依据。     

石英砂熔断器的弧前时间–电流特性

石英砂熔断器是电力系统中应用十分广泛的保护电器,弧前时间–电流特性是其最重要的性能指标之一。为准确模拟石英砂熔断器的弧前时间–电流特性,揭示影响弧前时间–电流特性的因素和规律,采用焓变的方法处理相变过程,并提出一种新的仿真方法。同时建立了石英砂熔断器弧前过程的热电耦合模型,利用ANSYS软件计算了石英砂熔断器的弧前时间,并分别采用两种狭颈形状熔体熔断器对仿真结果进行实验验证。结果表明：熔体狭颈处因电流线收缩而电流密度最大,温度上升最快;由于材料的电阻率、热导率、密度、焓值等物性参数随温度在不断变化,使熔体温度随时间非线性上升,且在两次相变点附近均有短暂的温度缓慢增长阶段;在300~3 500A电流范围内,弧前时间均随预期电流的增大而减小,截断电流数值验证了石英砂熔断器的限流作用;两种熔体弧前时间–电流特性的仿真值与实验值相对误差均小于5%,验证了该仿真模型与方法的正确性和适用性。     

High‐sensitivity QCM with multielectrode piezoelectric quartz crystal design

The ideal linear elastic, small hysteresis phenomenon makes the quartz resonator uniquely useful for Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCM). Enhanced high‐precision integrated quartz crystal resonators were designed based on the common‐mode rejection principle. The internal stress of quartz crystal on the force was analyzed for the multielectrode design, and the point which located the electrode (diameter is 1 mm) is distributed on the circle from 4 mm to the center of the quartz crystal plate, and the orientation angle φ=60°. The 15 group difference frequency signals were first done the difference frequency processing and then superposition by information fusion technology. The final force sensitivity coefficient of integrated resonator is 11223 Hz/N. It is 10 times than the single resonator. The frequency stability of each electrode is shown 10^?10 order of magnitudes.     

印染废水光催化降解研究

采用石英管式光催化反应器，用紫外灯激发染料污水悬浮液中TiO2产生OH自由基，将染料催化氧化脱色。探讨了催化剂用量、污水浓度、光照时间、pH值对光解率的影响。实验结果表明，在40W紫外灯的照射下，催化剂的用量为0．6g／L．污水浓度40mg／L，灯照时间210—270min(依染料结构不同而定)，污水脱色效率一般在(0．92．0．95)之间。COD去除率88％。