CFD Modeling of Active Volume Creation in a Non‐Newtonian Fluid Agitated by Submerged Recirculating Jets

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were employed to investigate flow conditions inside a model reactor in which yield stress non‐Newtonian liquid is mobilized using submerged recirculating jets. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results of active volume in the reactor obtained using flow visualization by the authors in a previous study. The models developed are capable of predicting a critical jet velocity (v_c) that determines the extent of active volume obtained due to jet mixing. The v_c values are influenced both by the rheological properties of the liquid and the nozzle orientation. The liquid with higher effective viscosity leads to higher v_c for a downward facing injection nozzle. However, an upward facing injection nozzle along with a downward facing suction nozzle generates enhanced complementary flow fields which overcome the rheological constraints of the liquid and lead to lower v_c.     

平面桁架构建的定日镜面形支撑结构优化及实验

针对反射面成型的复杂影响因素，提出平面桁架构建的定日镜面形支撑结构优化技术路线. 利用模拟仿真、数值计算和优化算法等方法，解析20 m²定日镜面形定义技术路线的4个组成环节：面形规格及宽高比、上弦杆的截面矩、平面桁架组间距的最优值、机加工中工艺控制要点的量化. 试制小型定日镜进行实验，分析光斑形状和能流密度分布特性，并与理想球面形光斑比较，两者的拟合优度大于0.98. 实验结果表明，当反射镜宽高比取1.2，上弦杆截面矩取40 000 mm⁴，桁架组间距取950 mm，上弦杆和斜杆的开孔公差小于0.9 mm时，反射面形的质量提升. 研究从原理和实践上证明了该优化技术路线的可行性.     

On‐the‐Spot Immobilization of Quantum Dots,Graphene Oxide,and Proteins via Hydrophobins

Class I hydrophobin Vmh2, a peculiar surface active and versatile fungal protein, is known to self‐assemble into chemically stable amphiphilic films, to be able to change wettability of surfaces, and to strongly adsorb other proteins. Herein, a fast, highly homogeneous and efficient glass functionalization by spontaneous self‐assembling of Vmh2 at liquid–solid interfaces is achieved (in 2 min). The Vmh2‐coated glass slides are proven to immobilize not only proteins but also nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) and quantum dots (QDs). As models, bovine serum albumin labeled with Alexa 555 fluorophore, anti‐immunoglobulin G antibodies, and cadmium telluride QDs are patterned in a microarray fashion in order to demonstrate functionality, reproducibility, and versatility of the proposed substrate. Additionally, a GO layer is effectively and homogeneously self‐assembled onto the studied functionalized surface. This approach offers a quick and simple alternative to immobilize nanomaterials and proteins, which is appealing for new bioanalytical and nanobioenabled applications.     

Broadband bowtie belt nanoantennas

In this article, we study a linear array of bowtie nanoantennas placed between two metallic strips that can work from 800 to 1420 nm (600 nm linewidth), with an electric field enhancement factor close to 20. We study the dynamical change of the position of the electric field enhancement amongst different elements in the array and, at the same time, the effects of dispersion on the scalability of the array elements. A systematic analysis and methodology to produce an array that can operate over a large bandwidth whilst maintaining the electric field enhancement without significant variation is provided.     

Behaviour of Surface Defects in Wire Rod Rolling

Defects are often present in rolled products, such as wire rod. The market demand for wire rod without any defects has increased. In the final wire rod products, defects originating from steel making, casting, pre‐rolling of billets and during wire rod rolling can appear. In this work, artificial V‐shaped longitudinal surface cracks have been analysed experimentally and by means of FEM. The results indicate that the experiments and FEM calculations show the same tendency except in two cases, where instability due to fairly “round” false round bars disturbed the experiment. FE studies in combination with practical experiments are necessary in order to understand the behaviour of the material flows in the groove and to explain whether the crack will open up as a V‐shape or if it will be closed as an I‐shape.     

基于投影寻踪的径向基函数网络在参考腾发量预测中的应用

径向基函数网络(RBFN)已广泛应用于参考腾发量预测等领域，但常用的K均值聚类和自组织特征映射等方法在求取径向基函数网络隐层节点中心时存在较大不足。针对这一问题，本文引入投影寻踪方法，在投影降维的基础上实现对大量高维数据的聚类，建立了基于投影寻踪的径向基函数网络模型，并将该模型应用于山西潇河灌区参考腾发量的预测，研究了不同气象因子输入对参考腾发量预测精度的影响。结果表明，基于投影寻踪的径向基函数网络具有较强的适用性，只需使用最高温度、最低温度、日照时数和旬序数作为输入因子，就能以较高的精度预测参考腾发量。     

Optoelectronic Method of Noncontacting Reconstruction of the Profile of a Surface of Three Dimensional Objects of Large Dimensions

An optoelectronic method is considered for noncontacting reconstruction of the surface profile of three-dimensional objects of large dimensions. The optimal conditions for performing measurements are identified. It is shown that the proposed method, in contrast to the already known methods, does not require fine tuning of the equipment. A numerical method is given for compensating distortions caused by aberrations. A method is described for reconstructing the surface profile cell by cell which increases the accuracy of measurements.     

基于对比折射法的三维静校正技术及其应用

在地形起伏剧烈、速度和厚度横向变化大的地区，折射静校正技术的应用受到诸多限制，主要表现在不能准确地识别和拾取来自于地下连续地质界面的折射波，使得精确求取的长波长静校正量困难。为此，提出了一种基于对比折射法的三维静校正技术。介绍了这种静校正技术的方法原理和特点，基于对比折射法的折射波至拾取实质上是一个折射层的对比分析解释过程，因此能准确地拾取折射波至，精确地求解低速带的绝对延迟时；然后利用延迟时和近地表速度模型（等效，时深，空变）反演表层模型，最终一次性完成基准面静校正（包含低速带校正和高程校正）。在黄土塬、沙漠以及沙漠和山地的接合部等地区，利用基于对比折射法的三维静校正技术进行静校正处理，使资料的品质得到了明显改善，反射同相轴连续性好，信噪比和分辨率高，构造形态清晰可靠，提高了勘探精度。