Penalty guided bees search for redundancy allocation problems with a mix of components in series–parallel systems

This paper uses a penalty guided strategy based on an artificial bee colony algorithm (PGBC) to solve the redundancy allocation problem (RAP) in reliability series–parallel systems. The penalty strategy was designed to eliminate the equalities in constraints and formulate new objective operators which guarantee feasibility within a reasonable execution time. The PGBC is used to deal with two kinds of RAPs with a mix of components. In the first example, the RAPs are designed to find the appropriate mix of components and redundancies within a system in order to either minimize the cost in the context of a minimum level of reliability, or maximize reliability subject to a maximum cost and weight. The second example involves RAPs of multi-state series–parallel reliability structures, wherein each subsystem can consist of a maximum of two types of redundant components. The objective is to minimize the total investment cost of system design while satisfying system reliability constraints and the consumer load demands. There are five multi-state system design problems which have been solved for illustration in this example. The experimental results show that the PGBC can significantly outperform other existing methods in the literature with less cost, higher reliability, and a significantly shorter computational time.     

Inter-rater reliability of output measures for a posture matching assessment approach: a pilot study with food service workers

Despite the ongoing health problem of repetitive strain injuries, there are few tools currently available for ergonomic applications evaluating cumulative loading that have well-documented evidence of reliability and validity. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-rater reliability of a posture matching based analysis tool (3DMatch, University of Waterloo) for predicting cumulative and peak spinal loads. A total of 30 food service workers were each videotaped for a 1-h period while performing typical work activities and a single work task was randomly selected from each for analysis by two raters. Inter-rater reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) model 2,1 and standard errors of measurement for cumulative and peak spinal and shoulder loading variables across all subjects. Overall, 85.5% of variables had moderate to excellent inter-rater reliability, with ICCs ranging from 0.30–0.99 for all cumulative and peak loading variables. 3DMatch was found to be a reliable ergonomic tool when more than one rater is involved.     

A short version of the visual aesthetics of websites inventory

The present paper addresses a need for a brief assessment instrument to measure perceived visual aesthetics of websites. A short version of the Visual Aesthetics of Websites inventory (VisAWI; Moshagen and Thielsch 2010 Moshagen, M., Thielsch, M. T., 2010. Facets of visual aesthetics. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 68, 689–709. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2010.05.006[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) called VisAWI-S was developed and evaluated in three studies comprising 1673 participants in total. The results indicate that the VisAWI-S is a reliable measure that captures a single dimension of perceived visual aesthetics and provides a good approximation to the full-length version. Convergent validity was established by a strong relationship to overall appeal. Evidence for divergent validity was obtained by weaker correlations to perceived usability, pragmatic quality and quality of content as well as by absence of a significant correlation to participants’ mood. In addition to this, the VisAWI-S was found to be substantially related to the intention to revisit a website. Overall, the results indicate that the VisAWI-S may gainfully be employed to measure perceived visual aesthetics of websites when assessment times must be kept to a minimum.     

分布式系统可靠性模型研究

为描述分布式开发环境中的软件可靠性增长情况,提出一种分布式开发环境下软件系统的可靠性模型。在实际的软件可靠性数据集上,通过使用适应性度量和AIC准则,对所提模型进行验证和评价。实验结果证明,该模型能捕获大量的可靠性成长曲线,具备较强的适用性和灵活性,且使用该模型所描述的分布式软件开发环境更符合实际情况。     

基于正态信息扩散原理的路基沉降模糊可靠度分析

基于正态信息理论,给出了路基沉降概率分布的拟合方法,并利用精度较高K-S检验法验证了该方法的正确性。将Beta分布引入路基沉降模糊失效事件的隶属函数中,解决了常用隶属函数存在的不足。同时,利用模糊可靠度理论,给出了路基沉降模糊可靠度的计算公式。最后通过工程实例验证了本文方法的有效性。     

从环境影响评价角度谈合理进行建筑施工组织设计

简要介绍了环境影响评价制度的概念、评价内容和方法步骤以及作用,从环境影响评价的角度阐述了合理组织施工设计的重要性,并着重从施工方案选择和施工场区平面布置两方面探讨了如何从环境影响评价角度进行合理地施工组织设计.结果表明,根据环境影响评价报告中提出的各项环保措施来进行有针对性的施工组织设计,可有效降低项目建设对周围环境造成的不利影响,利于绿色施工原则的贯彻实施,具有良好的环境效益和社会效益.     

基于模糊语言变量的综合评判模型及其工程应用

提出一种模糊综合评判模型．该模型在权重赋值、评价集和单因素评判三个方面利用模糊语言变量表达决策者的观点,并用一种带可信度的梯形模糊数来量化模糊语言变量．举例说明该模型的工程应用方法．     

基于Web技术的小型企业员工绩效管理系统的分析与设计

基于实例,给出了基于Web技术的小型企业员工绩效管理系统的分析与设训’。     

Poisson—Geometric过程在可靠性理论中的应用

研究了Poisson—Geometric过程的性质,针对损伤次数为Poisson—Geometric过程的冲击模型,在损伤可累加的情形下研究了期望损伤、可靠度和平均寿命等可靠性指标。     

春季渤海湾营养盐分布及潜在性富营养化评价

根据2011年5月对渤海湾海域20个站位海水营养盐的调查结果,分析该海区海水营养盐的分布特征,并进行了潜在性富营养化评价．研究发现,调查海域NO3--N质量浓度为150．5～276.3ug/L,NO2--N质量浓度为4．072．29．490ug／L,NH4＋-N、PO4 3-- P和SiO3 2-Si质量浓度分别为47．55～194．80ug／L、4．73～26．35ug／L和170．2—544．1ug/L．整体上,各类无机氮呈现出表底层差异不大、沿岸浓度高、外海浓度低的特点;断面分布呈现出由东向西逐渐升高的趋势,SiO23 2- -Si相反,NO3- -N、NH4--N和SiO2 3--Si质量浓度呈现出由北向南逐渐升高的趋势,而NO2--N、VO4 3--P质量浓度出现北高南低的情形．渤海湾连续站显示出一定的营养盐浓度随潮汐的韵律变化,其中NO3--N、NO2--N和NH4＋-N质量浓度变化相对较明显,低潮较高潮期间营养盐浓度高．营养盐与盐度的相关性不很显著．NO3 --N是溶解无机氮（DIN）的主要组成形式,占平均DIN含量的69．56％;该海区主要以磷限制为主,并已经逐渐从P限制向P、Si共同限制方向发展,这与潜在性富营养化评价结果一致．