扫描速度对激光选区熔融316L不锈钢表面粗糙度和力学性能的影响

采用选区激光熔融法在不同扫描速度下制备了316L不锈钢成型件,通过物相分析、金相观察、拉伸试验、维氏硬度试验和表面粗糙度试验,研究了扫描速度对成型件相组成、熔池形态、表面粗糙度、密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在不同的扫描速度下（800～1200 mm/s）样品均能成功打印。此外,随着扫描速度的增加,未重熔的熔池深宽比降低,表面粗糙度从5.78μm增加到22.79μm。当扫描速度为800 mm/s时,裂痕出现;当扫描速度超过1100 mm/s时,出现收缩纹路。当扫描速度为800 mm/s时,由于激光输入能量过高,样品具有较高的孔隙率。当扫描速度为900 mm/s时,样品具有最佳的维氏硬度（2401 MPa）和最高的相对密度（99.2%）。     

3D reconstruction of existing concrete bridges using optical methods

Routine bridge inspections usually consist of visual observations. These inspections are time-consuming and subjective. There is a need to identify new inspection techniques for infrastructure that reduce traffic disturbance, and improve the efficiency and reliability of the acquired data. This study compared the performance of three different imaging technologies for the three-dimensional (3D) geometric modeling of existing structures: terrestrial laser scanning, close-range photogrammetry, and infrared scanning. Each technology was used to assess six existing concrete railway bridges. The technologies were compared in terms of geometric deviations, visualization capabilities, the level of the inspector’s experience, and degree of automation. The results suggest that all methods investigated can be used to create 3D models, however, with different level of completeness. Measurements such as span length, deck widths, etc. can be extracted with good accuracy. Although promising, a full off-site inspection is currently not feasible as some areas of the bridges were difficult to capture mainly due to restricted access and narrow spaces. Measurements based on terrestrial laser scanning were closer to the reality compared to photogrammetry and infrared scanning. The study indicates the no special training is needed for photogrammetry and infrared scanning to generate a 3D geometric model.     

挥发性有机污染场地原位评价的膜界面探测器MIP研究综述

膜界面探测器(Menmberane Interface Probe, MIP)是应用与土壤和地下水挥发性有机污染场地原位勘测的技术设备。近年来被广泛应用于VOCs污染场地勘测中。对MIP的结构、测试原理以及与其相匹配的气相色谱检测器进行了介绍,综述了MIP在国内外污染场地勘测的应用案例,总结了国外学者针对MIP测试精度进行的研究结果。分析表明,MIP原位测试能全面地、真实地反应污染场地挥发性有机物分布状况,减少污染场地勘查成本,提高污染场地勘查效率。通过与其它原位测试探头的结合,可同时对污染场地岩土工程特性进行评价,进而为后续污染场地治理方案的制定提供依据。     

钙质砂热传导性能试验

基于热针法测得了不同条件下南海钙质砂的热传导性能,探讨了含水率、干密度、温度、颗粒粒径等因素对钙质砂热导率的影响。研究结果表明：钙质砂热导率随含水率、干密度的增大而增大,且含水率越大,干密度对热导率的影响越明显;相对于随干密度的变化,钙质砂热导率随含水率的变化尤为显著;钙质砂热导率随温度升高而增大,但是热导率在不同温度下随含水率的增长趋势不同;颗粒粒径对钙质砂热导率的影响甚微;在钙质砂中掺入一定量石英砂有助于改善其导热性能。     

基于黏弹特性的沥青疲劳损伤演化规律分析

以疲劳过程中沥青黏弹本构模型参数的变化分析沥青的疲劳机理.首先,结合常规疲劳损伤试验和频率扫描试验设计了循环频率扫描-疲劳试验,并采用该试验测试分析了2种基质沥青在应变控制模式下的疲劳损伤演化规律;其次,建立了沥青损伤过程中黏弹参数主曲线簇变化规律,结合广义Kelvin-Voigt模型分析了沥青黏弹模型特征参数的变化规律;最后,基于敏感性分析,提出沥青疲劳损伤变量指标,并以此阐述了沥青疲劳损伤演化规律.研究发现:沥青疲劳损伤过程中,随着归一化模量值的降低,沥青黏弹参数主曲线簇均向纵坐标轴反方向移动,且其移动间距不断变化,相位角主曲线簇在高频范围内逐渐偏离低频范围时的线性趋势,复数模量-相位角主曲线簇曲线长度呈现两端先缩短后增长的趋势,沥青损耗模量-储存模量主曲线簇长度不断缩短;广义Kelvin-Voigt模型特征参数中仅E_2,E_3,E_4和η_0这4个参数存在2个明显的变化阶段.基于参数敏感性分析,提出以参数(E_2+E_3)/2作为沥青疲劳损伤变量,并验证了疲劳损伤变量变化规律与沥青疲劳裂纹扩展机制的相关性.     

Silver Dopant-Induced Effect on Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of CdSe Thin Films

Thin films of CdSe and silver(Ag)-doped CdSe have been prepared on glass substrates by thermal evaporation in argon gas atmosphere. X-ray diffraction pattern indicates the presence of hexagonal structure with preferred orientation along (100) plane. Elemental composition of the thin films has been analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to investigate the morphology of the thin films. Transmission electron microscope reveals spherical nature of nanoparticles. A decrease in the band gap due to the formation of band tails in the band gap with increase in Ag doping in CdSe lattice has been observed. Photoluminescence spectra indicate redshift in band edge emission peak with increase in Ag doping in CdSe. Electrical conductivity measurements are also studied, and two types of conduction mechanisms taking part in the transport phenomena are observed. Hall measurements indicate n-type behavior of undoped and Ag-doped CdSe thin films.     

Low-temperature phase transitions of sodium aluminate solutions

A series of low-temperature phase transitions of sodium aluminate solutions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that NaOH concentration is a primary impact factor for the binary eutectic point and ice melting temperature of sodium aluminate solutions with low NaOH concentration. In addition, the phase transition process of sodium aluminate solutions with low NaOH concentration from 123.15 to 283.15 K is divided into four steps: non-crystal to crystal, ternary eutectic reaction, binary eutectic reaction and ice melt. The projection phase diagram of NaOH-Al(OH)₃-H₂O system at low temperature was plotted, in which the ternary eutectic temperature for sodium aluminate solutions is 183.15 K.     

X射线荧光光谱原位微区分析的地学应用评介

原位微区分析是微观物质研究的重要手段,是现代分析技术的重要发展方向。以扫描核探针(SNM)、同步辐射X射线微探针(SR-XRMP)、二次离子质谱(SIMS)和激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)为主的微区痕量分析技术是一类新的微区分析手段,它从根本上解决了以电子探针分析技术(EMPA)和各类电镜(扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、分析电子显微镜(AEM))为主的电子微束技术(发展较早,已相当成熟)难以分析痕量元素的弱点,使原位微区分析成为一种能测定包括主、次、痕量元素和同位素在内的完整分析体系。文章收集了20世纪80年代以来原位微区X射线荧光分析地质应用探索的文献,首先介绍了相关专著、XRF专著中的相关内容及这方面的重要评述,随后从SR-XRMP、SNM、微束X射线荧光光谱(M-XRF)和多功能X射线荧光光谱仪器等方面评介其地学应用,涉及矿物微区元素分布、地质包裹体、陨石分析、从海洋矿物层状结构和韵律特征进行的成因矿物学研究及海洋环境变化、通过石笋类环带结构和湖泊沉积进行的古环境古气候研究的时间分辨率提高到季节尺度、恐龙蛋化石的铂族元素分布研究生物绝灭事件等。最后从技术特点和应用领域讨论了原位微区XRF分析的分类问题。引文187篇。     

华阳川地区天河石矿物学特征研究

位于华北克拉通南缘小秦岭地区的华阳川发育含天河石伟晶岩,其中的天河石蓝绿色-绿色,半透明—微透明,玻璃光泽,表面可见一组平行解理,自形板柱状居多,少数为不规则块状,粒度(0. 6～2) cm×(2. 5～4) cm,最大可达2cm×6cm。晶面上可见白色平行排列的条纹。天河石镜下以条纹长石状态存在,形态上呈细脉状,主晶手标本显示蓝绿色,单偏光下无色透明,负低凸起,正交镜下呈一级灰色,无多色性,内部发育交织规则的、明暗相间的格子双晶,宽度较大,一般可达100～150μm。电子探针(EPMA)结果显示,该部分的化学成分主要为SiO_2(平均63. 306%),Al_2O_3(平均17. 456%)以及K_2O(平均16. 360%),指示其矿物成分为钾长石为主。嵌晶手标本显示白色,单偏光下呈无色透明,负低凸起,正交镜下呈一级灰干涉色,无多色性,宽度一般为40～80μm,内部双晶不发育。主晶与嵌晶延长方向相同,各自具有一致的光性方位,正交光下各自同时消光,电子探针(EPMA)结果显示,其化学成分为SiO_2(平均68. 009%),Al_2O_3(平均18. 746%)以及Na_2O(平均10. 819%),分析化学成分可得其矿物成分上以钠长石为主,含少量的钾长石(0. 4%～0. 7%)和钙长石(0. 4%～2. 0%),镜下特征以及电子探针结果指示其为钠长石(NaAlSi_3O_8)。华阳川伟晶岩中的天河石中钾长石与钠长石分异作用较强,说明其形成温度较低,使钠长石从熔体中大量晶出。     

同位素测氡法探测火源位置在柴里煤矿火区治理中的应用

介绍了使用同位素测氡法探测煤矿自燃火源位置的原理及应用效果。实践证明,该方法是解决煤矿自燃火灾治理难题的关键技术,由于投资少、精度高、软件处理直观可靠,有重要的推广价值。