全文获取类型
收费全文 | 81822篇 |
免费 | 21651篇 |
国内免费 | 908篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 3153篇 |
综合类 | 1239篇 |
化学工业 | 33858篇 |
金属工艺 | 2981篇 |
机械仪表 | 2570篇 |
建筑科学 | 3343篇 |
矿业工程 | 245篇 |
能源动力 | 1978篇 |
轻工业 | 8042篇 |
水利工程 | 480篇 |
石油天然气 | 247篇 |
武器工业 | 193篇 |
无线电 | 10332篇 |
一般工业技术 | 24903篇 |
冶金工业 | 2170篇 |
原子能技术 | 55篇 |
自动化技术 | 8592篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 133篇 |
2023年 | 431篇 |
2022年 | 541篇 |
2021年 | 1274篇 |
2020年 | 3597篇 |
2019年 | 6276篇 |
2018年 | 5793篇 |
2017年 | 6449篇 |
2016年 | 6458篇 |
2015年 | 6585篇 |
2014年 | 6470篇 |
2013年 | 7257篇 |
2012年 | 5958篇 |
2011年 | 5678篇 |
2010年 | 4696篇 |
2009年 | 4313篇 |
2008年 | 4033篇 |
2007年 | 4028篇 |
2006年 | 3859篇 |
2005年 | 3220篇 |
2004年 | 2967篇 |
2003年 | 2952篇 |
2002年 | 2784篇 |
2001年 | 2385篇 |
2000年 | 2039篇 |
1999年 | 1360篇 |
1998年 | 539篇 |
1997年 | 434篇 |
1996年 | 331篇 |
1995年 | 305篇 |
1994年 | 235篇 |
1993年 | 178篇 |
1992年 | 173篇 |
1991年 | 115篇 |
1990年 | 124篇 |
1989年 | 114篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1964年 | 21篇 |
1962年 | 7篇 |
1961年 | 17篇 |
1958年 | 8篇 |
1956年 | 8篇 |
1955年 | 12篇 |
1951年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
J. Gegner 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2003,34(3):290-297
Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Polymer‐Derived Glasses and Ceramics in the Si–C–O System. Part 2: Characterization of microstructure formation by means of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction Liquid or solid silicone resins represent the economically most interesting class of organic precursors for the pyrolytic production of glass and ceramics materials on silicon basis. As dense, dimensionally stable components can be cost‐effectively achieved by admixing reactive filler powders, chemical composition and microstructure development of the polymer‐derived residues must be exactly known during thermal decomposition. Thus, in the present work, glasses and ceramics produced by pyrolysis of the model precursor polymethylsiloxane at temperatures from 525 to 1550 °C are investigated. In part 1, by means of analytical electron microscopy, the bonding state of silicon was determined on a nanometre scale and the phase separation of the metastable Si–C–O matrix into SiO2, C and SiC was proved. The in‐situ crystallization could be considerably accelerated by adding fine‐grained powder of inert fillers, such as Al2O3 or SiC, which permits effective process control. In part 2, the microstructure is characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction. Turbostratic carbon and cubic β‐SiC precipitate as crystallization products. Theses phases are embedded in an amorphous matrix. Inert fillers reduce the crystallization temperature by several hundred °C. In this case, the polymer‐derived Si–C–O material acts as a binding agent between the powder particles. Reaction layer formation does not occur. On the investigated pyrolysis conditions, no crystallization of SiO2 was observed. 相似文献
22.
Maenghyo Cho Hee Yuel Roh 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2003,56(1):81-115
In the present study first‐order shear deformable shell finite elements based on general curvilinear co‐ordinates are proposed. For the development of the present shell elements, a partial mixed variational functional with independently assumed strains is provided in order to avoid the severe locking troubles known as transverse shear and membrane lockings. Bubble functions are included in the shape function of displacement to improve the performance of the developed element. The proposed assumed strain four‐ and nine‐node elements based on the general tensor shell theory provide an efficient linkage framework for shell surface modelling and finite element analysis. In the several benchmark problems, the present shell elements with exact geometric representations demonstrate their performance compared to previously reported results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
23.
Two‐dimensional arrangements of molecules can show remarkable cooperative electronic effects. Such effects can serve to achieve direct electronic sensing of chemical and physical processes via electrostatic effects, i.e., without transfer of charge or matter between the locus of sensing and that of detection. 相似文献
24.
Temperature control offers benefits in land‐based marine aquaculture: stock growth rates may be enhanced by heating in winter; mortality rates in summer may be reduced by cooling. However, if the plant is not well designed, temperature control may create very large energy demands. This paper describes the application of temperature control in abalone aquaculture in New Zealand, with a focus on energy considerations in plant design. An abalone farm using a semi‐closed water conditioning system is used as a case study for which an energy model, based on a heat pump system, is developed. The model is used to determine the impact of plant design and tank conditions on the economics of the operation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
25.
Gabriel Wainer 《Software》2002,32(13):1261-1306
The features of a toolkit for modeling and simulation based on the DEVS formalism are presented. The tool is built as a set of independent software pieces running on different platforms. Not only are the main characteristics of the environment presented, a focus on its use is also considered by inclusion of application examples for a variety of problems. Many models can be defined in an automated fashion, simplifying the construction of new models and easing their verification. The use of this formal approach has allowed the development of safe and cost‐effective simulations, significantly reducing development time. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
26.
Masami Ikeda Susumu Fukumoto Hiroshi Takao Shinya Ohtsuka Eiichi Haginomori Masayuki Hikita 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2002,141(4):16-24
This paper describes the dielectric breakdown characteristics of oil and oil‐impregnated paper for very fast transient (VFT) voltages. Blumlein circuits generate VFT voltages of 60 and 300 ns in a pulse width that simulates disconnecting switching surges in gas‐insulated switch gears. We measured the breakdown voltages of needle‐to‐plane, plane‐to‐plane oil gaps and several pieces of paper between plane electrodes for VFT and lightning impulse voltages. The measured data were formulated in V‐t characteristics and Weibull probability distributions. The inclination n of V‐t characteristics of insulating paper is 150, which is less than n = 13.7 of the plane‐to‐plane oil gap in the VFT time range. The shape parameters of Weibull distribution obtained in this study show that the scattering of breakdown voltages of paper is much less than that of oil. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(4): 16–24, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10043 相似文献
27.
Xuejun Xie Siying Zhang 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2002,16(1):39-59
This paper considers the adaptive pole‐placement control problem for system (1) with unmodelled dynamics ηn dominated by a small constant ε multiplied by a quantity independent of ε but tending to infinity as the past input, output, and noise grow. Using bounded external excitation and randomly varying truncation techniques, we give a design method of adaptive pole‐placement controller. It is shown that the closed‐loop system is globally stable, the estimation error for the parameter contained in the modelled part is of order ε, and the closed‐loop system under the adaptive pole‐placement control law is suboptimal in the sense of $$\mathop{\lim\sup}\limits_{{n\to\infty }}{1\over n}\mathop{\sum}\limits_{i=0}^n{\left({A^{*}(z)y_{n}‐L(z)C(z)w_{n}‐B(z)R(z)y_{n}^{*}}\right)^{2}{\leq}O({\varepsilon}^{2})+\gamma^{2}\mathop{\sum}\limits_{j=1}^q{b_{j}^{2}}}$$\nopagenumbers\end while the SPR condition used usually in other papers is replaced by a stability condition. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
28.
The mechanical fracture strength and toughness of short-fibre composites, injection moulded from compounds of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) containing 10 and 30% (by weight) (w/o) glass, have been investigated and the dependence upon matrix hydrolytic stability determined. Mouldings have been characterised by several physical techniques to evaluate molecular weight, degradation rates, crystallinity and morphology, whilst time-dependent gravimetric data were derived to quantify sorption kinetics and allow comparisons with theoretical reaction rates to be made. During melt processing, PET is hydrolysed extremely rapidly by traces of moisture (<0.02w/o). yet the inherent strength of moulded composites declines significantly only below an apparently critical molecular weight. However, on long-term humid ageing in hot water, impact behaviour especially is rendered more complex by simultaneous crystallisation, molecular reorder and losses of interfacial bond strength. 相似文献
29.
Qin‐Tao Liu Malcolm R Clench Judith L Kinderlerer 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2002,82(5):553-558
Structural isomers of monoacylglycerols (monoglycerides, MAGs) were identified and compared after degradation of butter oil by two strains of Penicillium roquefortii and a commercial lipase from P roquefortii (EC 3.1.1.3) at pH 7.0 and 10 °C. The conditions were selected as they were comparable with those used in the manufacture of blue mould‐ripened cheese. The commercial lipase was selected to compare with the fungal strains in terms of acyl migration. Results showed that the main isomers formed by lipolysis with the commercial lipase were sn‐2 MAGs (64 mol%), whilst spores and emerging mycelia of P roquefortii produced mainly sn‐1(3) MAGs (83–90 mol%). The work reported here may lead to further assessment of different MAG structural isomers as natural preservatives in foods and dairy products. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
30.
聚醚醚酮及其复合材料的摩擦学研究进展 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
评述了聚醚醚酮(PEEK)及其复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,在滑动过程中形成的摩擦转移膜以及磨屑的研究,总结了聚合物基复合材料摩擦学研究的一般方法及规律,介绍了关于用PEEK复合材料制造的轴承,齿轮等进行的摩擦学研究,以及等离子体表面处理和颗粒增强对PEEK及其复合材料摩擦学性能的影响。 相似文献