典型视频镜头分割方法的比较

视频镜头分割作为视频处理的第一步,一直受到学者的关注和重视,数十年来已提出了大量的算法。该文对几种常用的视频分割算法作了综述,分析了基于直方图的算法、基于运动的算法、基于轮廓的算法、以及直接针对压缩视频的算法等典型算法的特征,并详细研究了各种算法中帧差异值的计算和阈值设定的方法,比较了它们的优缺点,最后对视频分割算法研究作了展望。     

An Accumulation Algorithm for Video Shot Boundary Detection

In this paper, an accumulation algorithm for video shot detection is introduced. The algorithm considers the properties of gradual transition. In a gradual transition, there is only a small difference between consecutive frames. The algorithm remembers the differences between consecutive frames and accumulates them. When the accumulation difference exceeds a threshold, an occurrence of shot transition is declared. Our main contributions are to introduce a frame C that remembers the changes from the beginning of a shot and detect the different types of boundaries (cut, fade, dissolve) at one process. We tested our algorithm with clips extracted from MPEG VCDs. The algorithm showed a good performance in detecting the gradual transitions as well as the abrupt cuts and has the ability to identify different types of boundaries.     

高压喷射灌浆在橡胶坝围堰垂直防渗工程的应用

阐述了高压喷射灌浆技术在齐齐哈尔市橡胶坝围堰垂直防渗墙工程的设计与施工方法。     

一种因果的突变镜头检测方法

通常镜头检测算法在进行镜头检测时都要利用前后若干帧的信息,该文提出了一种因果的突变镜头检测方法,只利用当前帧之前有限长度内帧的信息。利用两帧之间3×3分块后对应区间HSV直方图间的距离,应用加权系数来计算帧间差值。运用位于当前帧前的一个可变长的滑动窗口来进行突变镜头检测,并对静止镜头进行了处理。该文最后给出了算法的完整流程并进行了试验,试验结果表明该算法的检测准确率达到了95%,并对推拉镜头具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Effect of shot noise and secondary emission noise in scanning electron microscope images

The effect of shot noise and emission noise due to materials that have different emission properties was simulated. Local variations in emission properties affect the overall signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) value of the scanning electron microscope image. In the case in which emission noise is assumed to be absent, the image SNRs for silicon and gold on a black background are identical. This is because only shot noise in the primary beam affects the SNRs, irrespective of the assumed noiseless secondary electron emission or backscattered electron emission processes. The addition of secondary emission noise degrades the SNR. Materials with higher secondary electron yield and backscattering electron yield give rise to higher SNR. For images formed from two types of material, the contrast of the image is lower. The reduction in image signal reduces the overall image SNR. As expected, large differences in δ or η give rise to higher SNR images.     

喷丸与激光喷丸强化高强度钢对比试验

为了考察和对比喷丸(SP)和激光喷丸(LSP)2种表面强化技术对金属零件的强化效果,以30CrMnSiNi2A钢为试样,进行喷丸和激光喷丸强化处理试验。试验结果显示,2种强化试样的残余压应力和硬度都有较大的提高。分别测定了喷丸强化和激光喷丸强化试样在同一应力水平下的疲劳寿命,并运用扫描电镜分析了两者的疲劳断口。试验结果表明,激光喷丸强化试样中值疲劳寿命是喷丸强化试样的1.11~2.75倍,激光喷丸强化比喷丸强化在提高金属零件表面性能方面的效果更佳。     

Damage phenomena in lubricated rolling-sliding wear of a gas carburised 0.85%Mo low-alloyed sintered steel: theoretical analysis and experimental verification

The resistance to surface and subsurface damage during lubricated rolling-sliding wear of a carburised low-alloy sintered steel and the effect of shot peening were investigated. The formation of both contact fatigue cracks and of brittle tensile cracks may be predicted by a theoretical model that was experimentally validated. Carburising is effective in increasing the resistance to contact fatigue, but pores in a hard and brittle matrix may act as pre-existing cracks. Shot peening increases the contact fatigue resistance since compressive residual stresses oppose the nucleation of surface cracks.     

从转角枪的发明看军事技术集成创新

分析转角枪的历史发展、技术组成,指出:军事技术集成创新的主要优势在于找准需求后相对容易实现;TRIZ(Theory of Inventive Problem Soving)理论是适用于集成创新的高效方法;集成创新应大力依赖的主体是用户。集成创新虽没有根本性的技术变革但也可能引发重大军事变革。中国引进转角枪后,引进消化吸收再创新却迎头赶上,从反面印证了我国集成创新能力相对较弱。     

大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形7B50铝合金材料的变形规律

大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形是一种针对大型整体壁板塑性成形的有效手段。采用正交试验方法对7B50铝合金平板试件开展大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形工艺试验,研究不同工艺参数下喷丸后试件沿弦向和展向曲率半径的变化规律。结果表明:试件在喷丸成形后呈球面凸起变形,且沿弦向的曲率半径小于沿展向的曲率半径;各因素按对曲率半径的影响程度排序依次为喷丸气压>试件厚度>移动速度;曲率半径随着厚度和移动速度的增加而增加,随着喷丸气压的增加而减小;建立了可以反映曲率半径与3个因素之间定量关系的回归方程,可为今后喷丸成形的变形预测提供参考。