Potassium sorbate solutions as copper chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) based slurries

Copper depassivation and repassivation characteristics in potassium sorbate solutions, subsequent to mechanical abrading are reported. The identification of copper repassivation kinetics obtained subsequent to mechanical damage of copper protective films formed in sorbate based solutions is discussed. The repassivation rate of copper in sorbate based solutions was measured by means of a slurryjet system capable of measuring single particle impingments on microelectrodes. Copper repassivation rates measured by this slurryjet system in sulfate solutions containing 10 g L⁻¹ potassium sorbate were found to be in the range of 0.5-1.5 ms. An increase in the potassium sorbate concentration leads to a decrease in copper repassivation time at potentials ranging from 200 to 600 mV_Ag/AgCl. The impingement angle between the copper surface and a single abrasive particle has no impact on copper repassivation time nor peak current (I_max) values. XPS studies revealed that copper passivation in potassium based solution was due to the formation of a thin film which is constituted of: Cu₂O, Cu(OH)₂ and Cu(II)-sorbate, while copper(II)-sorbate is mainly present at the top levels of the passive film. It is therefore recommended that the use of potassium sorbate as a passivating component in conjunction with the addition of strong oxidizing agents in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) slurry design should be considered.     

洁净煤（水煤浆）用高效分散悬浮剂的制备

通过选用特定的小分子单体,采取分段聚合方式,合成具有特定官能团的化合物,用作水煤浆分散悬浮剂。     

湿法聚氨酯树脂浆料配方的改进

通过对湿法PU合成革用聚氨酯(PU)树脂浆料配方的改进，降低了浆料的生产成本，浆料的后期加工性能提高，并且PU膜的性能也有所改善。     

德士古水煤浆气化的运行及改造

对德士古煤浆的制备和贮运、气化、闪蒸系统的长周期运行方面进行了改造,改造后系统的运行质量得到了改善和提高。     

石灰乳输送泵的失效分析与优化设计

结合某水泵厂提供的石灰乳输送泵的设计资料,根据试制的离心渣浆泵出现的失效现象,分析失效原因,研究改进方法,为低比转数离心渣浆泵的设计提出优化设计意见。     

气相法聚乙烯BCG-Ⅱ型催化剂的开发和应用

对气相法聚乙烯BCG-Ⅱ型催化剂的组成、粒径分布及催化剂的淤浆聚合性能进行了研究。研究结果表明，BCG—Ⅱ型催化剂的活性较高，聚合物堆密度适中，应用在Unipol乙烯气相聚合工艺装置上操作良好，所生产的树脂颗粒均匀。干爽且流动性好，产品质量合格、稳定。     

美国能源部的浆态床F－T合成技术

浆态床Ｆ－Ｔ合成技术是美国能源部Ｆ－Ｔ合成技术的主要开发项目。本文就浆态相Ｆ－Ｔ合成催化剂的开发、中试示范实验和浆态反应器的化工基础研究作一扼要的介绍。     

New analysis of non-newtonian turbulent flowndashyield-power-law fluids

The writers' new analysis of non-Newtonian turbulent flow is extended to the yield-power-law model. As the value of the exponent of the yield-power law decreases from unity, the calculated friction factor begins by converging toward the Newtonian line at high velocity, then parallels it, and finally diverges downward. This prediction agrees with previously unexplained experimental results.     

A Fully Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction System for Contaminated Soil

A fully continuous lab scale supercritical fluid extraction system has been designed, built and tested. The system continuously pumps carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions and soil slurry into a counter‐current contacting column. Delhi Loamy Sand, spiked with approximately 10 mg/g of naphthalene, was used as the testing soil. The soil slurry ranged from 0.0028 g dry soil per g slurry to 0.072 g/g. The operating temperature was 43°C and the operating pressure was 7.7 MPa. Near steady state, fully continuous flow was achieved with runs lasting as long as 2 h. All carbon dioxide samples contained measurable quantities of naphthalene and the measured mass transfer coefficients were as high as 4.6×10^?4 s^?1.     

泥磷回收制磷危险性分析与防治

泥磷回收制磷属于化学危险品生产,由于黄磷本身的易燃特性和生产中其他因素的诱导,极容易发生泄漏引发火灾和灼伤。介绍了泥磷的产生和泥磷回收制磷的工艺特点。应用系统安全工程的原理和方法,辨识了泥磷回收制磷生产的潜在危险性;辨识了泥磷回收制磷生产过程中的物质危险性、装置危险性和工艺危险性。运用预先危险性分析法（PHA）对泥磷回收制磷的主要危险、有害因素进行分类和分级。根据对主要危险、有害因素分类和分级的结果,提出技术措施和管理措施来提高企业安全生产管理水平和预防生产性事故的发生。