低温制冷装置中低浓度含油量的测试方法探讨

通过总结国内外学者已经提出的各类测试油含量的方法,将测试方法归纳分为取样测试和在线测试两类。并分别对两类测试方法常用的技术手段进行了介绍,例如移取直接称量法,混合取样法,电容传感器法和光折射率传感器法等,进而具体分析了取样测试和在线测试的优势和弊端,最后对各类方法适用的范围进行了探讨。     

Controllable coating of microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

Coated microneedles have been paid much attention recently, and several coating strategies have been developed to address the problems during coating process. However, there are still some unresolved issues, such as, precise control requirements, microneedle substrate contamination and high processing temperature. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and controllable method to make uniform coatings on microneedles at room temperature. This novel method avoids the contamination of microneedle substrate by providing both the adsorption force of thickener and micro-scale coating film produced by a newly design device. Thickeners were screened to enhance the mass of coatings. The parameters that influence the coatings were tested systematically, which made coating process controllable. Finally, three model drugs were coated onto microneedles to prove the method is applicable more broadly. In addition, insertion experiments were carried out to test the drug delivery feasibility of the coated microneedles. In conclusion, this study presents a simple and controllable method to coat microneedles with small molecular chemical drugs or large proteins for rapid skin drug delivery.     

Development and evaluation of orally disintegrating tablets of cilostazol-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

Context: The clinical applications of cilostazol (CLZ) are limited by its low aqueous solubility (<5?µg/ml) and high biovariability.

Objective: The aim of this study was to enhance the solubility of CLZ by forming inclusion complexes (ICs) with beta cyclodextrin (β-CD) and formulating them into oral disintegrating tablets.

Methods: Phase solubility study of CLZ with β-CD was performed in water. Job’s plot was constructed to determine the stoichiometry of ICs. ICs, prepared by spray-drying technique, were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. Molecular modeling studies were performed to understand the mode of interaction of CLZ with β-CD. The formulation process was undertaken using a reproducible design of experiment generated model, attained by variation of diluents and disintegrants at three levels. Tablets were evaluated for drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration time (DT), wetting time (WT) and dissolution profiles.

Results and discussion: Phase solubility studies suggested an A_L type curve with stability constant (K_s) of 922.52?M^?1. Job’s plot revealed 1:2 stoichiometry. All analytical techniques confirmed inclusion complexation. Molecular modeling revealed dispersive van der Waals interaction energy as a major contributor for stabilization of complex. The spray-dried complexes showed higher solubility and faster dissolution compared to plain CLZ. The optimized formulation showed DT of 11.1?±?0.8?s, WT of 8.7?±?0.9?s and almost complete dissolution of CLZ in 15?min.

Conclusion: The prepared tablets with low DT and fast dissolution will prove to be a promising drug delivery system with improved bioavailability and better patient compliance.     

Spray drying of drug-swellable dispersant suspensions for preparation of fast-dissolving,high drug-loaded,surfactant-free nanocomposites

Bioavailability of a poorly soluble drug can be improved by preparing a drug nanosuspension and subsequently drying it into nanocomposite microparticles (NCMPs). Unfortunately, drug nanoparticles aggregate during milling and drying, causing incomplete recovery and slow dissolution. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of various classes of dispersants on drug dissolution from drug NCMPs, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs via high drug nanoparticle loaded, surfactant-free NCMPs. Precursor suspensions of griseofulvin (GF, model drug) nanoparticles in the presence of various dispersants were prepared via wet stirred media milling and spray dried to form the NCMPs. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, polymer) alone and with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, surfactant) was used as a base-line stabilizer/dispersant during milling. Two swellable crosslinked polymers, croscarmellose sodium (CCS) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG), and a conventional soluble matrix former, Mannitol, were used in addition to HPC. Besides being used as-received, CCS was also wet co-milled with GF for two different durations to examine the impact of CCS particle size. Laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV spectroscopy, NCMP redispersion and dissolution tests were used for characterization. The results show that incorporation of CCS/SSG, preferably wet-milled to a wide particle size distribution, into the spray-dried NCMPs resulted in fast release and dispersion of drug nanoparticle clusters. The swellable dispersants were superior to Mannitol in dissolution enhancement, and could achieve fast release comparable to SDS, demonstrating the feasibility of spray drying to prepare high drug-loaded, surfactant-free nanocomposites.     

Large sized cubic BN reinforced nanocomposite with improved abrasive wear resistance deposited by cold spray

In this work, large sized cubic BN (cBN) reinforced nanocomposites are prepared by cold spray deposition of blended powder mixtures of mechanically alloyed 40 vol.% cBN–NiCrAl nanocomposite particles and large sized cBN particles. Deposition behavior of the blended powders, microstructure and mechanical properties including hardness, fracture toughness and two-body dry abrasive wear behavior of the sprayed composites, are investigated. Results show that dense composites with large cBN particle content of 13–20 vol.%, depending on composition of the spray powders, can be obtained. Declining deposition efficiency is detected as increasing large cBN content due to the gradually enhanced sand blasting effect. Increasing content of large cBN in spray powder results in an increment in hardness and a decrement in fracture toughness. Abrasive wear resistance of the 40 vol.% cBN–NiCrAl nanocomposite is doubled by incorporating 20 vol.% of the large cBN particles. Worn surface morphology observation indicates that the improvement is due to the shielding effect of the large protruding cBN particles against SiC abrasive. Material removal mechanism of the sprayed composites during abrasive wear test is also studied.     

微镜阵列激光成像技术及其性能分析

提出了一种激光三维成像技术,该方法以推扫方式工作,采用数字微镜器件(Digital Mirror Device,DMD)来进行激光回波脉冲飞行时间(Time of Flight,TOF)的空间转换。由于目标上不同距离点回波脉冲的飞行时间不同,当脉冲到达时微透镜阵列将从一个状态转换到另一个状态,在接收端传感器焦平面上显示不同相对位置的条纹,利用条纹相对距离可以重建目标的剖面轮廓距离像。相比于其他三维成像技术,该技术具有成像速率高、探测视场角大、结构简单、体积小易于集成化等优点。     

基于片上变压器耦合的CMOS功率放大器设计

设计了一个2 GHz全集成的CMOS功率放大器(PA),该PA的匹配网络采用片上变压器实现,片上变压器用来实现单端信号和差分信号之间的转换和输入、输出端的阻抗匹配。采用ADS Momentum软件对片上变压器进行电磁仿真,在2 GHz频点,输入、级间和输出变压器的功率传输效率分别为74.2%,75.5%和78.4%。该PA基于TSMC 65 nm CMOS模型设计,采用Agilent ADS软件进行电路仿真,仿真结果表明:在2.5 V供电电压、2 GHz工作频率点,PA的输入、输出完全匹配到50Ω(S11=–22.4 d B、S22=–13.5 d B),功率增益为33.2 d B,最高输出功率达到23.4 d Bm,最高功率附加效率(PAE)达到35.3%,芯片面积仅为1.01 mm2。     

磁耦合元胞自动机逻辑器件的形状可重配置结构

磁耦合元胞自动机逻辑器件(即纳磁体逻辑器件)是后CMOS时代的一种极具潜力的新技术,具有无引线集成、极低功耗和天然非易失性等优点.纳磁体逻辑器件由纳米级单畴磁体构成,而磁体的形状是其一个重要的器件特征参数.本文研究了不同特殊形状纳磁体的转换特性,获得了改变特殊形状器件状态的时钟场值.提出了基于不同尺寸特殊形状纳磁体的可重配置择多逻辑门,采用OOMMF软件验证了形状择多逻辑门的输入可重配置性,得到了顺序配置不同输入组合所需的时钟场.该可重配置门结构的提出为磁性可编程逻辑计算电路的实现奠定了重要的理论基础.     

基于0.35μm CMOS工艺的APD器件仿真分析

提出了一种基于0.35μm CMOS工艺的、具有p+/n阱二极管结构的雪崩光电二极管(APD),器件引入了p阱保护环结构.采用silvaco软件对CMOS-APD器件的关键性能指标进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明:p阱保护环的应用,明显降低了击穿电压下pn结边缘电场强度,避免了器件的提前击穿.CMOS APD器件的击穿电压为9.2V,工作电压下响应率为0.65 A/W,最大内部量子效率达到90％以上,响应速度能够达到6.3 GHz,在400～900 nm波长范围内,能够得到很大的响应度.     

高压功率VDMOS元胞的研制

基于Sentaurus TCAD仿真软件,在外延层参数与生产工艺确定的情况下,通过调整元胞的多晶硅长度优化特征导通电阻,并通过对版图元胞面积的准确计算,设计了三款导通电阻目标值为2.4,3.0和3.3Ω的高压功率VDMOS芯片。流片结果显示,导通电阻的平均值与版图计算值吻合度均超过96%,表明了该设计方法、仿真参数及版图设计具有较高的可靠性。