Stretch-rate relationships for turbulent premixed combustion LES subgrid models measured using temporally resolved diagnostics

Temporally resolved measurements of turbulence-flame interaction were used to experimentally determine relationships for the strain-rate and curvature stretch-rate exerted on a premixed flame surface. These relationships include a series of transfer functions that are analogous to, but not equal to, stretch-efficiency functions. The measurements were obtained by applying high-repetition-rate particle image velocimetry in a turbulent slot Bunsen flame and were able to resolve the range of turbulent scales that cause flame surface straining and wrinkling. Fluid control masses were tracked in a Lagrangian manner as they interacted with the flame surface. From each interaction, the spatially and temporally filtered subgrid strain-rate and curvature stretch-rate were measured. By analyzing the statistics of thousands of turbulence-flame interactions, relationships for the strain-rate and curvature stretch-rate were determined that are appropriate for Large Eddy Simulation. It was found that the strain-rate exerted on the flame during these interactions was better correlated with the strength of the subgrid fluid-dynamic strain-rate field than with previously used characteristic strain-rates. Furthermore, stretch-efficiency functions developed from simplified vortex-flame interactions significantly over-predict the measurements. Hence, the proposed relationship relates the strain-rate on the flame to the filtered subgrid fluid-dynamic strain-rate field during real turbulence-flame interactions using an empirically determined Strain-Rate Transfer function. It was found that the curvature stretch-rate did not locally balance the strain-rate as has been proposed in previous models. A geometric relationship was found to exist between the subgrid flame surface wrinkling factor and subgrid curvature stretch-rate, which could be expressed using an empirically determined wrinkling factor transfer function. Curve fits to the measured relationships are provided that could be implemented in numerical simulations of turbulent premixed combustion.     

飞机蒙皮振动辅助拉伸成形工艺分析

拉伸成形结束后,由于残余应力的存在导致蒙皮零件产生较大的回弹,会严重影响蒙皮的使用质量。基于回弹产生的原因,从工件的应力-应变机制阐述了振动减小残余应力的机理,提出了一种振动辅助飞机蒙皮拉伸成形的新工艺方法,给出了该工艺的主要参数——频率、振幅在应用选择上的依据条件及实际运用中可选择的合理范围。以飞机前缘蒙皮拉伸成形为例,通过数值仿真模拟,分析了施加振动对成形蒙皮零件回弹的影响以及频率、振幅对改善回弹的影响,并通过实验加以验证。结果表明,在飞机蒙皮拉伸成形过程中,施加振动可以更加有效地减小零件的回弹,当选取的工艺参数频率为30 Hz左右、振幅在1.5 mm左右时回弹值最小,效果最佳。     

基于匹配滤波的保幅动校拉伸校正方法

动校拉伸现象会影响地震资料的分辨率和AVO分析,而常规的动校拉伸校正方法会破坏原始地震资料的振幅变化信息,破坏AVO效应。本文利用匹配滤波算法,可以有效消除动校正拉伸现象,使同相轴更连续,消除常规NMO引起的频率降低现象,提高地震资料的分辨率,而且可以有效保留原始地震资料的振幅随炮检距的变化信息。该算法不需要已知地震子波,适合任何炮检距的地震资料。     

逆时深度偏移中的子波拉伸校正

文中提出一种在逆时偏移的波场延拓后、应用成像条件前对地震数据进行子波拉伸校正的方法,在延拓过程中分别提取各网格点震源波场和接收点波场在成像时刻的地震子波,对其进行压缩处理,再应用归一化波场分离互相关成像条件,得到拉伸校正后的成像结果。该方法不改变成像结果的振幅与相位。其中,子波压缩计算需要的各网格点的反射角和局部地层倾角由地震波场的坡印廷矢量(Poynting vector)计算得到。数值算例表明,该方法能够校正由于反射角增大引起的子波拉伸效应,提高逆时偏移的成像品质,为AVA/AVO分析提供高精度的输入道集。     

考虑弯曲回弹的拉弯模外形设计方法

拉弯是型材弯曲成形的重要方法,可以有效减少回弹、提高成形精度,在飞机、汽车弯曲件成形中得到广泛应用。采用弯曲回弹理论分析,结合拉弯零件数字化模型,修正拉弯模模具轮廓;采用圆弧样条表示模具轮廓,给出了拉弯模合理外形的计算方法。在理论分析基础上,通过有限元分析方法计算拉弯型材的回弹量,评估拉弯模型面的回弹修正量及拉弯件校形余量的减少情况。为提高汽车和飞机拉弯件的质量和促进工装的数字化设计提供了合理有效的方法。     

Improvement of flame stability and NOx reduction in hydrogen-added ultra lean premixed combustion

Lean premixed combustion is a well known method in gas turbine combustors that can reduce fuel consumption and decrease flame temperature. In lean premixed flames, flame instabilities can occur because the combustion takes place near the lean flammable limit. For the purpose of increasing flame stability, a small amount of hydrogen was added into a fuel, which has ultra low lean flammable limit. The extinction stretch rate increased and total equivalence ratio at extinction decreased with hydrogen addition; consequently, ultra lean premixed combustion was possible and flame stability could be achieved at low temperature conditions. The NO_x emission increased with hydrogen addition for the same stretch rate and equivalence ratio, but the extinction stretch rate and lean flammability limit was enlarged. Consequently, NO_x emission decreased with hydrogen addition in the near extinction conditions. Hydrogen addition could improve flame stability and reduce NO_x emission in ultra lean premixed combustion. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Ohchae Kwon Dr. Eun-Seong Cho received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Hanyang University, Korea, in 1996 and 1998, respectively. He then received his Ph.D. degree from Seoul National University, Korea, in 2005. He was a principal engineer of KD Navien research center and currently a research associate at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. His research interests include eco-friendly clean combustion technology, new and renewable energy systems. Prof. Suk Ho Chung received his B.S. degree from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1976 and Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Northwestern University, USA, in 1983. He is a Professor since 1984 in the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Seoul National University in Seoul, Korea. His research interests cover combustion fundamentals, pollutant formation, laser diagnostics, and plasma-assisted combustion.     

输电钢管塔新型锻造法兰受弯性能研究

针对输电钢管塔采用传统锻造法兰和新型锻造法兰两种节点连接形式,在ANSYS软件中选取螺栓孔中心到法兰盘外缘和颈根的距离、螺栓个数为参数,建立输电钢管塔的法兰连接有限元模型,研究了两种锻造法兰节点在拉弯作用下的受力及破坏模式。结果表明,传统锻造法兰有螺栓弯曲屈服、法兰颈屈服两种破坏形式;新型锻造法兰有螺栓弯曲屈服、钢管拉伸屈服两种破坏形式。     

LES of a premixed jet flame DNS using a strained flamelet model

Turbulent premixed flames in the thin and broken reaction zones regimes are difficult to model with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) because turbulence strongly perturbs subfilter scale flame structures. This study addresses the difficulty by proposing a strained flamelet model for LES of high Karlovitz number flames. The proposed model extends a previously developed premixed flamelet approach to account for turbulence’s perturbation of subfilter premixed flame structures. The model describes combustion processes by solving strained premixed flamelets, tabulating the results in terms of a progress variable and a hydrogen radical, and invoking a presumed PDF framework to account for subfilter physics. The model is validated using two dimensional laminar flame studies, and is then tested by performing an LES of a premixed slot-jet direct numerical simulation (DNS). In the premixed regime diagram this slot-jet is found at the edge of the broken reaction zones regime. Comparisons of the DNS, the strained flamelet model LES, and an unstrained flamelet model LES confirm that turbulence perturbs flame structure to leading order effect, and that the use of an unstrained flamelet LES model under-predicts flame height. It is shown that the strained flamelet model captures the physics characterizing interactions of mixing and chemistry in highly turbulent regimes.     

A novel approach of measuring the dielectric properties of PET preforms for stretch blow moulding

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most common plastic material used in injection stretch blow molding (ISBM) process for the manufacturing of bottles. The injection‐molded PET preform has to be preheated uniformly to a pliable state before the blowing stage of the process. Microwave technology offers a potentially more economical means for preheating the preform in place of the conventional infrared oven heating. For such applications, determination of dielectric properties of PET preform of a given geometry is essential. This article describes a novel approach of measuring the dielectric properties of PET preforms at microwave frequencies instead of the common experimental procedures used for such measurements. The dielectric properties are determined by using both CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic simulation software and the automatic network analyzer together. No complex mathematical solutions are required. Validation of this new approach has been made by comparing the measured dielectric properties of some polymers with those available in the published literature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

张力减径内六方成因分析及解决方法

分析了无缝钢管在张力减径时内六方产生的原因及影响因素,重点分析了温度不均匀对内六方的影响,并结合现有工艺条件提出多种减少直至消除内多边形的措施。