某工程爆破及机车振动作用下房屋响应的研究

工程爆破及震动对地表建筑物会造成一定程度的损伤.以临合高速公路为背景,对该工程隧道爆破及机车震动的强震动实时测试和分析,并对附近房屋的损伤程度进行了宏观调查,分析得出地表震动特性、震动影响范围和程度,及其对房屋结构的影响.为类似工程爆破及震动的设计及施工安全管理提供参考和依据.     

基于二次受力的隧道套拱加固损伤衬砌模型试验

松动荷载引起损伤衬砌失稳是不良地层隧道运营期间关键的科学问题.针对此问题,研制了双车道公路隧道带缝衬砌套拱加固模型试验加载装置,可对衬砌结构任意位置施加松动荷载,在损伤衬砌受力同时进行套拱加固,解决了衬砌加固二次受力的“瓶颈”问题;开展1∶10模型试验,研究了松动荷载作用下损伤衬砌套拱加固补强效果,对比变形特性、力学响应及破坏模式.结果表明:衬砌结构刚度随荷载增加而退化,套拱加固有效修复受损衬砌,整体结构刚度明显增大,损伤严重衬砌经套拱加固后承载力仍可提高1倍;原衬砌结构破坏位置为拱顶、拱肩和边墙;套拱加固带缝衬砌构件关键控制截面为拱顶和墙脚,拱顶易发生大偏心压弯破坏,建议加强拱顶纵向配筋,提高抗拉承载力;墙脚出现斜裂缝,属于压剪破坏,应增设墙脚箍筋,以提高抗剪承载力.     

Upper bound limit analysis of roof collapse in shallow tunnels with arbitrary cross sections under condition of seepage force

The analytical solutions for predicting the exact shape of collapse mechanisms in shallow tunnels with arbitrary excavation profiles were obtained by virtue of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and variation principle according to Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The seepage force was included in the upper bound limit analysis, and it was computed from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution. The seepage was regarded as a work rate of external force. The numerical results of roof collapse in square and circular tunnels with different rock parameters were derived and discussed, which proves to be valid in comparison with the previous work. The influences of different parameters on the shape of collapsing blocks were also discussed.     

Limiting drainage criterion for groundwater of mountain tunnel

Large amount of groundwater discharging from tunnel is likely to cause destruction of the ecological environment in the vicinity of the tunnel, thus an appropriate drainage criterion should be established to balance the tunnel construction and groundwater.To assess the related problems, an limiting drainage standard ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） was suggested for mountain tunnels based on survey and comparative analysis. After that, for the purpose of verifying the rationality of the standard, a calculated formula for dewatering funnel volume caused by drainage was deduced on the basis of the groundwater dynamics and experience method.Furthermore, the equation about the relationship between water discharge and drawdown of groundwater table was presented. The permeability coefficient, specific yield and groundwater table value were introduced, and then combined with the above equation, the drawdown of groundwater table under the proposed limiting drainage criterion was calculated. It is shown that the proposed drainage standard can reach the purpose of protecting ecological environment under the following two conditions. One is the permeability coefficient ranges from 10-4 to 10-5 m/s and the specific yield ranges from 0.1 to 0.001. The other is the permeability coefficient varies from 10-6 to 10-8 m/s and the specific yield varies from 0.1 to 0.01. In addition, a majority of common geotechnical layers are involved in the above ranges. Thus, the proposed limiting drainage standard which ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） for mountain tunnel is reasonable.     

某城市地铁振源系统参数影响预测

为了研究正在建设的某城市地铁振源系统,根据地铁拟采用的车型、块下胶垫和扣件等参数,建立车轨垂向耦合振动模型。计算车体、轮对和道床的垂向最大振动加速度,分析车体运行的平稳性及振源的减振效能。结果表明:该城市地铁拟采用的振源系统具有良好的减振效能;A型车车体运行平稳性优于B型车;低速时,参数的选取对振源系统的减振效能没有明显影响,随着车速的增加,减振效能呈降低趋势且不同参数间差距扩大,但当车速大于60 km/h时,减振效能趋于稳定;对减振效能的贡献,扣件最大,块下胶垫的阻尼其次,而A、B型车体和块下胶垫的刚度影响则不明显。     

层状黄土区域地铁隧道变形模拟分析

为解决层状黄土地区地铁隧道的安全施工,采用现场量测与Rocscience软件模拟分析相结合的方法,研究了全断面开挖过程中地铁隧道围岩的稳定性问题。研究结果表明,采用软件分析的结果与现场量测的结果基本一致,在隧道中心线两侧均出现了显著的沉降现象,由于地铁下腹地层为粉砂,所以开挖的隧道要及时闭合,并且要布置仰拱或是管片整体支护。     

高速PIV布撒技术的改进研究

基于上海交通大学高超创新实验室现有技术,为发展高速PIV技术而改进开发了高速PIV粒子布撒系统。针对原有系统经常无法有效布撒粒子的缺陷,从系统中的管道、高压气体、喷嘴等几个方向下手进行改造,设计了新的高速PIV粒子布撒系统。对管道进行了软管化设计,高压气体采用干燥的氮气,喷嘴则设计成能在罐体中产生旋流的结构。对于这些改造进行了分析和实验测试,证明了这些改造能加强布撒粒子的效果。最后提出了这套系统可以继续改进的一些方向。     

Surface nitridation of titanium metal by means of a gas tunnel type plasma jet

The surface nitridation of titanium was carried out at a low pressure in nitrogen atmosphere using a gas tunnel type plasma jet. The titanium nitride (TiN) film, 10 μm thick and 2000 HV, could be formed in 10 s. The structure of the TiN film was investigated by XRD. The Vickers hardness on the surface of the film was measured. The effects of deposition conditions on the properties of TiN films (TiN thickness,Vickers hardness, etc.) were investigated, and the advantage of this deposition method was identified from those results.     

化学灌浆在输水隧洞渗漏处理中的运用

福清市闽江调水工程输水隧洞,原地下水较活跃,后经水泥灌浆,堵住大部分水,但渗漏现象还比较严重,难以靠单一的水泥灌浆彻底堵住渗漏,后经采用PU4水溶性聚氨酯对漏水点进行化学灌浆取得了较好的止水效果。PU4水溶性聚氨酯是一种单组份灌浆材料,其遇水后自行分散、乳化、发泡,立即进行聚合反应,聚合后的固结体有良好的延伸性、弹性及抗渗性,体现了弹性止水和以水止水的双重功能。可供类似工程参考。     

基于长引水隧洞下的大型水电站一次调频仿真研究

针对锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞长,机组容量大、运行水头高,导致调压室水位波动稳定性以及机组间的水力干扰等较为突出的问题,对一次调频进行了深入分析研究,在满足电网安全的前提下,通过对机组一次调频进行仿真计算,得到了各种模拟工况下的机组开度、功率和转速的变化情况,为机组正常投入运行提供了可靠保证。